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Recently, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang City, the Boer Sa, Bosa Luo and dozens of clothing brand launched in the autumn and winter clothing orders, its size, grade and other aspects beyond previous. This is the history of clothing in Hebei had never seen the phenomenon, which has become the focus of the media industry.
apparel brand in the Boer Sa meeting that orders to participate in this year's order clothing brand agents, joined more than last year nearly 20%, and some customers still interested in joining come to understand the situation. The Bosa Luo clothing brand popular film star Jianbin invited to serve as the brand ambassador and announced to start operation from OEM to brand, and to break into the domestic apparel market.
corporate management and we are more or less, the biggest difference is in the brand image above.
Most of the enterprises for others to do the wedding dress
However, the industry view, Hebei province regarded as garment production, but can not be called clothing production province. Most companies only in the OEM for others.
According to the survey, more than 4,000 garment enterprises in Hebei Province, the existing, approximately 80 million employed workers, the production capacity of 1 billion, of which more than a hundred large enterprises more than 2,000. However, the overall level of development of garment industry is not high, clothing products, low technology content and added value, a long time, to foreign companies OEM (OEM), processing and other beach apparel, Hebei Province, the international market as a shortcut.
apparel production in the past few years, Hebei provinces and municipalities also are the top ten list, but since 2003, has been in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Shandong, Liaoning, Fujian , Tianjin, Beijing and other cities out of the top ten. In sales to foreign products, tooling about 40%, to spread the product about 40%, about 20% of supermarket products; domestic product, accounting for 70% of the wholesale markets, supermarkets accounted for about 20%, into the big mall product less than 10%. Cheap low-end products accounted for the vast majority of goods.
annual
This is the Hebei University of Technology, Department of Textiles and Apparel Apparel Apparel Hebei Zheng Fengqin about Why so many years has been remarkable development not put up a few words. Because short-sighted, year after year, like Pa, OEM, processing, without their own brand. Business only immediate, no long-term goals, and other provinces Shinto real gun battle, the defeated. brand missing it?
Lian-red that a long time, due to the long-standing small-scale production planned economy and the impact of mode of operation, Hebei extensive garment industry-wide general management, production remained low extension of the product structure adjustment has not been in place, the allocation of resources efficiency is not high, the market lack of rapid response mechanisms; the same time, the family enterprise property management and makes the separation is not in place, (...) , business owners, decision-making responsibilities and management level is unknown, unclear.
protection. Companies have been on the lack of primitive accumulation, and the creation of brand not only requires a lot of material, but also relevant to the needs of manpower, coupled with his own brand of confidence not sure, therefore, often not dare try.
and some people in charge of brand awareness is still vague, do not understand the connotation of the brand and system. They believe that some
Design and development aspects of neglect, the neglect of market insight, the neglect of the international fashion trends and information control, ignoring the consumer's aesthetic tastes and cultural awareness rising, it means reducing the company's knowledge of life on the brand to that the lack of soul.
development strategy for the future development of ideas garment industry, the industry and experts have put forward their own policies, which are agreed that the industrial cluster and brand building.
China National Garment Association, said executive vice president Jiang Heng Jie, industrial agglomeration of the garment industry to build bigger, stronger, well, particularly effective. Chinese garment city building in the garment industry in China is a major feature of China's garment production capacity, 70% concentrated in the industrial base of more than 40 cities nationwide town, city, town, Hebei now there are some, such as Zhuoda garment industrial park, Rongcheng, Xinji, (...) , Qinghe, ningjin and so on.
Guo Gengmao executive vice governor of Hebei Province, said: garment industry to adjust in accordance with the concept of industrial clusters to optimize the layout. Industry cluster is the new competitive trends, the park is today's economic cluster of the new features of economic competition, it is the intensive factors of production configuration, reducing the initial investment cost; so that their production to achieve the professional division of labor, improved social degree; changed the company had small but complete, large and comprehensive way, while the industry come together to help each other learn and dissemination of technology, but also conducive to a comprehensive package of services and facilities, but also conducive to the formation of a market gathering.
Therefore, we can also say that the competitiveness of industrial clusters. Hebei, according to the new trends, to promote the park to promote economic development, promote the formation of textile and garment industry cluster, thus speeding up the brand building and promotion.
chairman of the Federation of Industrial Economics, Hebei Province, said Guo Shichang, garment enterprises need not only to improve their competitiveness, but also the need to strengthen cooperation and achieve regional competitiveness, innovation and upgrading. To create a clothing brand to compete with foreign strength, reduce the various costs. The only way out is to break the closed construction, to do with economic ties to form a distinctive cluster, to build a regional trade advantage. Brands produced by the division of labor, to focus on purchasing and centralized production and supply, reduce operating costs, by focusing resources to create regional clothing brand, enhance the competitiveness of the clothing brand.
vice president of Garment Association of Hebei, Hebei Zhuoda Apparel Group Vice President Yang Jigang that particular space industrial base competitiveness of the gathering could have facilitated the integration of resources, to promote the clothing industry. The future development of garment industry cluster idea is to go the road.
According to reports, this year, subject to the export tax rebate rate cut and the impact of European and American anti-dumping, Hebei Province, garment export growth has slowed, many garment companies began to focus on brand image, (...) , and turning to the domestic market. Hebei garment industry is currently undergoing the transition from big to strong, in which brand consciousness is very important, many clothing companies are now beginning to focus on their brand image, such as the hire is a star for brand endorsement and enhance the corporate image shortcut to quickly dominate the market.
(Editor: admin)
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USCIS said that this year 's EB-5 visa petitions as Chinese, a aggregate of 2969 people , of which 934 were accepted. In the EB-5 visa total digit of applicants , http://monclernederland.nl/ , the Chinese people accounted for 75 %. And 2007 ( 270 applications , 161 were accepted ), likened to more than 10 periods . EB-5 visa to obtain , whether we tin maintain the 10 normal jobs five years, http://monclernederland.nl/ , investors and their families way to citizenship.
Recently the Bank of China 980 properties in more than 10 million yuan of China's richest conducted a examine showed that 46% of respondents said they Property more than 100 million yuan in China's rich , 55 % had moved to other countries, ideas. Want to emigrate to the United States (40 percentage) , followed by Canada (37 %) , Singapore ( 14%) and Europe ( 11%).
considered the biggest cause is namely emigrants ' children's teaching . About 96 million Chinese millionaires , billionaires, extra than 6 million folk.
During Tiger Year's spring celebration, Guo Yimin didn't have a kin reunion at home. The veteran of Counterattack against Vietnam in Self-Defense lingered single at the border line between China and Vietnam in Guangxi Aidian County to fulfill a 30 years long promise to his deceased comrade-in-arms in 1979: 'Whoever survives must bring the other's bones behind to homeland'.
The condition of Guo's battle associate is no the worst, at fewest somebody still remembers him and rushes as him. In the Korean War thousands of Chinese infantry were even namelessly buried abroad, which casts infinite grievance on their families and survived companions. And this is not the merely problem of China veterans.
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The die have long worked, when the survival must face extra difficulties. For 1 thing, http://www.lisseurcollection.com/ , amid Chinese veterans the definite group of people, http://www.mulbayswater.biz/ , privation namely a universal phenomenon. For Korean War veterans, http://www.bienchaine.biz , the every month subsidy from government is almost 400 yuan, (...) , meantime Sino-Vietnamese War veterans have less than 200 yuan stipend. It's below the minimum standard of living, much lower than mean retirement ration of a regular employee in a alike age.
For different, what's more pathetic is namely veterans have to sustain disrespect and disdain of the society. As People.com.cn reported, Veteran Fu Xiqing, http://www.gallieragm.biz/ , who lost a leg in the War of Resistance opposition Japan, spent his final annuals in Tianjin as a street cleaner; Yang Yunfeng, the warrior who was slaying invaders above Lugou Bridge with broadsword, ironically became the maximum unwelcomed mendicant by the door of Memorial Museum of Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War.
On the additional hand, Japanese veterans can obtain more than a hundred thousand Yen (RMB7600 yuan) monthly as "bestow". Taiwan veterans have 15, http://www.sacsdeluxeoutlet.biz/ ,000 TWD's pension (RMB3200 yuan) monthly. And the date '11.11', http://www.borsedilussosconto.biz/ , which was shrieked Bachelor's Day in China, is a formal vacation specially for ex-service soldiers in United States — Veteran's Day — a day to demonstrate the excellent patriotism and cohesive compel of the nation.
Solider accustomed to be an honorable caption in China, http://www.abercrofitch.biz/ , "the loveliest people". But nowadays most of them are not treated well. Society should not be so ungrateful while we are declaring once and once afresh that we'll never forget the history. Veterans of the anti-Japanese War are some 90 years age, http://www.lisseurbyliss.com/ , with veterans in the Korean War at about 80 and those in Sino-Vietnamese War at 60. To give them a decent life with reputation in their after years, http://www.monogrammedenim.biz/ , we have not much time.
Veteran's Day as a motion had been proposed in the National People's Congress ahead, yet it's not resolved yet. A new session of NPC is going to begin afterward week. China should have such a day for elder warriors, at one moment of which daytime we can mention 'thankful for ever' and listen them answer 'never regret'. If we let the moment slide, we may lose the last accident.
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Xianyang City, http://www.doudoune-monclerquincy.com/ , who lives close the Chen Yang Li Village vision problems since infancy. Three years antecedent, (...) , the appraisal of disability-related unions, (...) , the Lee family who came to Xianyang City CDPF for the blind card. According to However, (...) , 21 am, (...) , when he was blind, holding the across in the 7 plants prepared to work home by public transport card, (...) , the bus driver has been refused. Related articles：
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Liao person, the same day at 11 am, the son of King Mansheng Laotai mustered four hijacked Liu Zhen-ping come to ask for 30,000 yuan for medical expenses. Liao said the mother had no money, Liu Zhen-ping with each other to force the villagers to borrow money at home.
parents with funerary court of second instance
yesterday, the couple with a flat Jane Liao funerary court, claims 77 million yuan. Trial, Liao mother broke down in tears several times.
parents claim the first trial against
Liao's lawyer said the car forward, multi-family group was proof enough of the king at the implementation of soft violence.
Fengtai Court of First Instance that the King family has requested 30,000 yuan compensation for evidence-based, not on acts of violence Liu, Zhen-ping Liao, Department of poison were found. Accordingly, http://www.sacburberryfrstore.com , Liu Fengtai court rejected the prosecution of parents. Liao family appealed.
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Liao family that Wang Mansheng five people hostage and threatening illegal Liu Zhen-ping, Liu Zhen-ping caused unbearable pressure on poison. Liu's parents taken to court claims.
October 22, Liu Zhen-ping's body was found, the public security authority has determined that the Department take dichlorvos suicide. He left a suicide note that
Yesterday, Liu Zhen-ping mother carrying her son's portrait on the court, from time to time broke down in tears. Correspondent photo
5 defendant's attorney, said five people not be held hostage for Liu Zhen-ping and force, the defendant claims its suicide and related medical expenses, do not agree to compensation. Recently, Liu Zhen-ping 39-year-old aunt of cerebral infarction caused by a sudden paralysis of the left, her aunt until he was very close to him, the doctor said was caused by excessive sad. According to Wang family introduced Wanglaotai identified four disability. Even steel has not split. Wanglaotai's daughter quit his job serving.
king should wash (Reporter Chen Po Zhu Yan) 18 years working in Beijing, Sichuan guy riding Liao Zhen-ping hit Wanglaotai, wrote 30, http://www.nikechaussuresfr.com ,000 yuan, after medical expenses IOUs, because no money to pay for drink some pesticide suicide, left a suicide note that Yesterday, (...) , (...) , (...) , his parents sued Wanglaotai relatives claim lawsuit in the Second Intermediate People's Court of second instance.
guy to the Wanglaotai collision, (...) , 76-year-old Wanglaotai was taken to hospital treatment. Wang Zhen Liao family then went to calm the traffic police force for investigation.
3 o'clock in the afternoon, Liao wrote $ 30,000 in IOUs. That night, Jane Liao peace Dumpling Restaurant colleague left alone after dinner, both the original defendant has not seen him again. Here, the two sides reached a mediated agreement relative compensation of 7,000 yuan.
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8:30 yesterday , Mr. Liu and four colleagues and a freight elevator upstairs to sit with the owner , the results of the elevator to the 17th floor when it suddenly stopped. Mr. Liu and others in the call by the elevator system to contact the property , and rushed to the police . After a while , the elevator finally stopped , they automatically drop down the first floor . 8:48 or so , (...) , Mr. Liu , (...) , who a turnaround,
last night , the residential building property - CATIC Property Management Office hired Marriott International Elevator Maintenance Company . The company staff said it has been five or six years with two elevators , each year there will be two special inspection of the test , the results are qualified . The official said that the failure rate for the two lifts within the normal range , http://www.belstaffitaliasito.com ,
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Help the living or look for the dead?
I've made more than a dozen trips back to Mississippi over the past year, reporting, working on two documentaries and gutting houses as a volunteer. Every trip I see progress, tiny, baby steps forward. And I leave frustrated that more isn't being done to help.
"I'm still adjusting to being back ... feeling oddly out of place... It's as if I'm a citizen of a strange foreign land and no one here speaks my language."
The calls and e-mails still come. Some still ask for help. Most just want someone to listen, understand and care.
By Kathleen Koch
CNN-->Get up-to-the minute news from CNN
[Editor's note: In our Behind the Scenes series, CNN correspondents share their experiences covering news. Kathleen Koch, who grew up on the Gulf Coast, covered the devastation in the area in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.]
"I'll do what I can," I assured her, knowing full well that nothing could be enough.
Saturday morning, the day we were to return to Washington, we had a terrible choice to make: Help the living, or look for the dead. We chose to help the living.
The call I dreaded came eight days after the storm: Van was dead. Brooke had made it to their home and found him while digging through the rubble.
When a hurricane neared, we always evacuated. It was the same drill each time. Pull out the ladder. Push the plywood over the windows. Carry small furniture upstairs. Drive away with your most precious possessions. Memorize every detail of the house as it disappears from view. Pray that you won't return to a driveway and empty steps to nothing.
"I'm particularly concerned about Dad since he is a stroke victim and is wheelchair bound. I am grasping at any lead or contact to try to find information about him..."
Using the phone and computer in the satellite truck, we managed to reach CNN, check our messages and e-mail. That's when it began. Pleas for help, desperate family, friends, old classmates, strangers, all looking for loved ones, some crying. The Gulf Coast was cut off and I was the only lifeline they could reach. The e-mails were so poignant I couldn't bear to erase them:
Tuesday, we raced west. With every mile, my heart sank. I noted the damage as we drove, until we got to Gulfport, Mississippi, and turned south toward the water. I stopped writing. There was not enough paper or ink. That's when I realized that if Gulfport was this bad, Bay St. Louis was gone.
"Do you have communication with the police or sheriff's office? We are trying to find out if my home is still standing..."
Oddly, I was not happy to be home.
Janet and I hit the store as soon as it opened, buying all the blankets, socks and underwear we could carry, as well as lanterns, (...) , batteries, games and other supplies. There were kids in the shelter. One little girl named Hope. I wanted to give her some.
I found an old classmate, Kathy Cox, in our destroyed church. She'd lost everything, but begged me to let the country know that no help was getting through. "There are people getting sick, because they don't have food. I mean, they're getting sick ... vomiting and diarrhea," she explained, horrified at her own words.
I took the camera on a tour of my hometown, what little was left of it. Strangely, the camera helped me keep myself together. I was working. It was my fragile link to sanity.
I go back and do what I can. Each trip is like ripping open an old wound. There's new loss each time; finding that a place that was special is now gone, that someone you knew has lost everything.
We found a shelter run by citizens at the Second Street Elementary School. They had not just a list of occupants, but of survivors. Every resident who walked by was asked to sign in, so someone would know they were still alive. No luck there, either.
Having water, power, beds, intact buildings and plenty of food and drinks felt alien. I sent an e-mail to my friends:
The other friends and neighbors I'd searched for had all survived, as had my brother, his family and their home. Of my high school friends in Bay St. Louis, only three had houses they could live in.
The dreams came first. For weeks after returning from Katrina's destruction, every night I returned to the rubble, climbing through the debris-covered streets, guiding my producer Janet Rodriguez on foot as she navigated the SUV through the destruction. They weren't nightmares: It felt comfortable, it felt right.
Hurricanes will always threaten my town. And I know I can't control the forces of nature, any more than I can walk away from the place I still call home. So on this one-year anniversary, I do what the brave people there do. Keep moving forward. Refuse to give up. And never forget the past.
On July 29 the approaching anniversary was on my mind. That night, in my dream, I was back in Bay St. Louis and a hurricane was roaring in. Tornadoes dropped from the clouds. We hit the dirt, clinging to anything to keep from being blown away. After the first one passed, I stood up looking at the roiling, blackening sky with the mayor, Eddie Favre. "I feel like I'm looking into the belly of the beast, (...) ," I told him.
"I unfortunately have not heard from my fam. They live in Bay st. louis and ...its bad there..."
"We're OK," he said. "But the power's out. The generators are in the basement, and it's flooded. Water's coming up on the first floor now, so they're moving us all up to the higher floors. ... Maureen and the nurses are keeping patients alive using batteries and whatever they can ...But don't worry ..." Click.
The next morning CNN freed me to go to Bay St. Louis, and we headed out.
"Kathie, (...) , I have not been able to get in touch with Van in any kind of way ... and was just wondering if there was some way you could possibly help me."
One voicemail kept ringing in my ears: Lydia Schultz's. She was my mom's best friend, and had lived around the corner from us with her husband, Van. Growing up I regularly babysat her daughters.
I made a vow to the survivors that Saturday as we pulled away from the Second Street shelter. "I promise I won't let anyone forget what happened here!" And I won't.
We took everything to the shelter 40 miles away, took a dog we'd rescued from the rubble to a vet, and dashed to make our flight in Mobile.
But reporters don't get to choose assignments in a natural disaster. I was assigned to report from Mobile, Alabama, on Sunday and Monday as Katrina roared in. Mobile was hit hard: left with no power, hundreds of downed trees, damaged roofs and three feet of water in parts of downtown.
I was consumed by guilt. Somehow, I felt I had let them down.
I ran into high school friends. Each time, the story was the same. We hugged. Our eyes welled with tears. They had nothing left but the clothes they wore. Yet they refused everything I offered and asked only that I let their families know they were alive.
I nearly lost it. I wanted to rip off the microphone, commandeer the SUV and start driving and handing out the food and water we had left. But I knew I couldn't do that to Janet, to my crew. If I did, we'd be the victims. We'd already had close calls with people desperate for gasoline or transportation.
CNN.com gives you the latest stories and video from the around the world, with in-depth coverage of U.S. news, politics, entertainment, health, crime, tech and more.
On Monday, August 29, 2005, (...) , Bay St. Louis was in Katrina's bulls-eye, and I wanted to be there. I watched with dread as Katrina followed Camille's path. Bay St. Louis was my hometown, and it was where I belonged.
(CNN) -- I am a journalist. Tough, unemotional, detached. Until Katrina. It was my worst childhood nightmare come true.
I found someone who had talked to Van around 8 a.m. He already had six inches of water in the house then. From the stories we'd heard about how fast the water rose, I knew he was probably dead.
My parents, three sisters, brother and I moved to Bay St. Louis three years after it was devastated by Hurricane Camille. Barren lots still dotted the beachfront; driveways and steps leading up to nothing. Our home had a pile of bricks in the yard -- all that remained of the previous house.
At the height of the storm, incredibly, my cell phone rang. It was my brother, Mark, on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. He, his wife, Maureen, and four young children were riding out the hurricane at the Keesler Air Force Base hospital in Biloxi, where Maureen worked.
As unreal as the scene was, even eerier was the reaction of the survivors. They walked calmly through the rubble, around the smashed cars, the 18-wheelers stacked like toys in the middle of Highway 90, over roofs that now blocked sidewalks. Their clothes were dirty, torn. They wandered emotionless through the devastation -- storm zombies.
One year ago I covered the devastation of the Gulf Coast, including Bay St. Louis, the Mississippi town where I grew up. I saw the desperation of people who lost everything -- their homes, their businesses, even loved ones. I felt helplessness at its core. There is no worse feeling than seeing people you know and love suffering and being powerless to help them.
"James (my Uncle), lives at 2 Gulf View Dr, in Ocean Springs. My mother spoke with him at 7am Monday morning, and we fear he didn't get out..."
Friday night, one store north of I-10 had reopened. I had been appalled that the people at the Second Street citizens shelter were sleeping on the ground. There were no pillows, no dry blankets, no sleeping bags.
The year since then has been the longest of my life. (Watch how the people of Bay St. Louis have struggled for a return to normal -- 2:24)
The line went dead.
But the sheriff's department told us the roads there were blocked. Even if I could get there, streets signs were gone. Mailboxes were gone. Near the water, most houses were gone. I only found the house where I grew up because I recognized the driveway. It was a driveway and empty steps to nothing, a pile of bricks in the yard.
So we did our job -- interviewing victims, reporting live from before dawn until after dark. As soon as we were done, we went looking. Wednesday night we made it to a senior citizens center. We were able to let a frantic woman know that her grandmother had been safely evacuated.
I was stunned after we turned off the interstate. We were seven miles inland, yet every building was flattened. Crushed cars littered the roadway. I imagined the drivers inside, fleeing as the winds buffeted them, before the storm surge swept over them.
My Katrina dreams are fewer now, but more powerful.
I was consumed with the calls, the pleas to find the missing. I looked for a roster at my damaged high school, now a shelter. No luck. I asked people on the street, quizzed police officers. But I was just one of many on a desperate search.
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Um, how have we not yet discussed JWoww's New Year's Eve "outfit"? (Popcrunch)
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villagers : Grandpa ditch digging potatoes in it, so his grandson to pull the car in front of the shelf by a potato , walked in front of the 16 , (...) , 5 -year-old in the back . Concluded that gas- shelf car to die , and finally back to get it hurt.
Reporter : According to witnesses, was about two children went to this location, with direction coming from a Toyota car , driving to the street about the location of the tree when the straight rushed straight over the hit children, and took off after a car carrying the man out .
West Network ( Jia Yan An Ansai County, but lives in the village 's 16 -year-old boy living cloudy and 5- year-old girl Chan Chan yesterday but unfortunately because of a traffic accident left the family forever . Families found that the driver turned out to be secretary of Ansai County, brick bay from Chen Jun, Chen and the incident was suspected drunk driving from the Army , http://www.casque-beatsbydre.com , at present, the parties have criminal detention , public security organs .
witnesses : it walked two dolls in the street , (...) , I saw the car rushed to the ditch stab slip down a bit , http://www.casque-beatsbydre.com , the car has not seen the last person .
After the incident , Ansai County Public Security Bureau , the principal leaders of the traffic police brigade rushed to the scene the night the accident , initially learned from the incident that day at noon Chen Jun at a friend 's wedding to go , whether the need for drink driving for further investigation. Currently , http://www.monclersitoufficialex.com , Ansai County has been established to investigate this incident investigation team , Chen Jun from local public security organs have been under criminal detention .
afternoon , http://www.casque-beatsbydre.com , reporters at the scene saw blood on the ground and the vehicle has left the deterioration of components , (...) , the child's relatives and some of the villagers told reporters that the accident of two children, a large 16 -year-old , (...) , small only 5 years old , (...) , yesterday they are working adults go and the way in the unfortunate event of an accident.
相关的主题文章：
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Not at night , I but I do not know the consequences of doing , while intense affair , he and I chatted for a while , he took me to Shanghai , to turn , to relax , I really want him to experience nature and after the erosion of our I want to annual leave . He slept a good fragrance, perhaps he is too tired , and snoring constantly , do you suffer the same love and be loved ? His drugs, he has his own difficulties , he like the stimulation, I like , even his blood type AB type , like me , this blood is more excitement ! Let all this accompanied by conflicts and calm the game life!
me this is true , Complex I how did it ?
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29 July 2009
Families of two of the three remaining British hostages held in Iraq for two years are deeply troubled to hear the men are likely dead. The news was broken to them last week by British officials.
The loved ones of the British hostages are going through anguish and torment.
While Foreign Office officials will not confirm or deny the widespread media reports here that two Britons employed as private security guards in Iraq have died in captivity, various accounts point to the likelihood that Alan McMenemy and Alec MacLachlan are probably dead.
British Business Secretary Peter Mandelson, (...) , 12 Jun 2009Given the sensitive nature of the situation, details are not being made public, (...) , (...) you seem to forget what is your goal. When you remember, when the freshman in this way, the sophomore was able to achieve it!
year later ... ...
sophomore, you will understand the secret of skipping. Which the teacher's class can not come, which must be to the teacher's class. Students become piles of, feather flock together. To research on cramming, flies pass by, had not counted later., but as Business Secretary Peter Mandelson says the outlook does not look good.
"I do not want to disclose publicly the information we are getting, (...) , (...) you seem to forget what is your goal. When you remember, when the freshman in this way, the sophomore was able to achieve it!
year later ... ...
sophomore, you will understand the secret of skipping. Which the teacher's class can not come, which must be to the teacher's class. Students become piles of, feather flock together. To research on cramming, flies pass by, had not counted later., but we are intensively engaged through a whole variety of different channels, (...) , (...) you seem to forget what is your goal. When you remember, when the freshman in this way, the sophomore was able to achieve it!
year later ... ...
sophomore, you will understand the secret of skipping. Which the teacher's class can not come, which must be to the teacher's class. Students become piles of, feather flock together. To research on cramming, flies pass by, had not counted later., but I do not disguise the fact that we are extremely concerned for the safety of the hostages, (...) ," said Peter Mandelson. "And while we will continue to do everything we can, (...) , we cannot be sure what the future will hold, but we are doing our absolute level best."
The two men were in a group of five Britons kidnapped from the Finance Ministry building in Baghdad in May 2007 by around 40 men disguised as Iraqi policemen.
Their captors are from a shadowy Shi'ite group known as the Islamic Shia Resistance in Iraq. The group has demanded the release of nine of its members held in prison.
Since their abduction, the British hostages have appeared occasionally in videos, (...) , but last month the bodies of two other security contractors in the group were released.
If this latest claim that the two remaining guards are also dead, (...) , that would leave only the plight of the man they were protecting unknown. He is 36-year-old Peter Moore, http://www.doudounemonclersquincy.com , a computer instructor working for the U.S. management consultancy Bearingpoint in Iraq.
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Jia G, one has entertainment at night, with clouds Shuo Zhang Xia, Lei Yun master back home for the weekend. Finishing dinner early summer agile, lightly armed went into the bathroom. Nearly square meters of cut and polish the bathroom in the master under the clever mind, filling the warm and elegant. Opposite the door is a tile Both sides of the walls of the tub is through the end of the fog mirror, no matter how much water mist most of those who can clearly mapping Bathing posture. Red summer shower in the bathroom like the feeling, bathtub filled with water, sprinkle a few slices of rose petals, bubble bath wrapped in a simple expansion from the soft dynamic, aromatherapy mist blowing. It may also be the kind of feel like mist in the water. No one was home during the height of summer would be pleasing to walk into this lovely Yue space, large mirror in the display Yan Zi, taste and admired. Such as the angel came down to dance lightly, like Chang grace. Although middle age, the mother of two children, summer born beauty, charm dependent. Today, it seems that summer is wearing a transparent light blue lace tape wound margin underwear, in the gentle light, tender and beautiful people Imagination to that lotus, lotus flowers of the GAO passionate and easy. Summer to Knob again to higher water temperature, the bath gradually feel his body is constantly expanding bigger, water is warm and sultry to touch her body, feeling of dizziness, a surge of wet body energy, blood pressure rise high, the body parts have become sensitive to abnormal happy happiness, radiant body jump jump about to move. Like into the dream, the sound came from the vague and far beyond, while the time is still at this time. Physical and psychological sense of being surrounded by an escape, it is wonderful to hold. Stretch the skin in the bath under the water even more charming touch, sit in a pair of purple areola stand in *** *** Alice, the almost certain. Top-class drawn to playing in the water, jump up, and the joy of ground falls slightly protruding lower abdomen, once again jumping up, (...) , is one splash splash belly dance in harmony with them. Hair flying gurgling dropped in the water and the tilt of the hip under the bonding glue together, intertwined with beautiful curves, hair blowing in the light-water under the flashing silver. Gently twisting the waist, feeling a strange urge to lower abdomen, warmth *** then quickly leapt down surging forward, expanding to every cell pores, tentacles extended to the whole body, any smooth, happy unimpeded. Feeling fine slender hand on every inch of skin, respite to the Woods nerve endings, erratic water vapor into the thick. Reveries into the soft, intoxicating joy to indulge in, the summer Ougan ray of soft light poured on her face hazy start Mei Yan, this is where blossoming fruit trees that ... ... intermittent sound of the door , in the summer, driven out from paradise, easily with a towel wrapped the feminine body, went to the door. This dress is also embarrassed his One has not come back? . I went to him, thank you Ms. Jia. Summer and too busy to hi bath, and put on a pink jacquard silk pajamas, walking to the balcony, looks into the distance thoughtfully ... ... hazy summer day more than nine to sleep woke up, do not want to come down to earth out of bed until eleven o'clock before dressing, not hungry at all, simply be one evening meal a day together to eat. As usual the family began a weekly cleaning. Jia, one more than once told her that even the money down on a table, weekly housekeeping hire a hourly, three-fifty thing, why have to their own labor. Summer but do not want to pack their own homes or their own. Especially the bedroom, ah, ah toilet, bathroom, ah, these purely private hidden spaces do not like outsiders to East West, aiming to see, touch this move that. This is a Summer like finishing room, family flavor. Over time the body of the stops will be resorted to, draw a Looking around the waist straight wipe sweat always give people a fresh feeling, the spirit of joy, I love my home. Wearing Sewing her own clothes, has a dark red shirt and yellow flowers, seven inches lower body is pink trousers, embroidered trousers also two of the butterflies fluttering. A white black and white checkered scarf around his head. This is their girl dress like girls to be married. Turn the music center of the knob, the modern piano star Richard - Clayderman playing a movie musical, That stretch of gorgeous piano tell the long-awaited romantic, (...) , poetic melody unconsciously take you into the warm, soft, happy world. Summer in the quiet, beautiful, soulful vocal range to enjoy a fantastic poetic mood. A new clean room, the floor shines the reflection of the summer. Sitting on the sofa and gently close your eyes in the middle of the world of music Xiaoxie moment. Simple and elegant music, beautiful lyrical melody, melodious rhythm of steel strength, (...) , deep passion play, deep into people's feelings, to put people into the dream and joy of looking into. Open the door of the sound, rapid pace, crazy shouting. Disturbed in the enjoyment of summer dream. Jia, one summer that roar a bit unreasonable. Of course, things do not want to quarrel with him outsiders, soft-spoken explanation. Not conscious, but he does have misinterpreted the intention of the summer. four. Dreary rain-soaked days and suddenly one of the scold matched Jia Hui Health, harmony that seemed to complement each other. Reduce the height of summer sitting on the sofa, watching television is not the image, black and glossy screen like the one to move eleven Jia copy down.老鹰捉小鸡 seen it? Now there is such a taste, the difference is that no matter how insolent eagle, chicken remains. Summer is not afraid of used to it. Jia, one for and can not defend themselves is with Africa, is to ignore him, not arguing with you upside down on the winning or losing, the truth lies in who's hands. The level of husband and wife are winning or losing the debate it? Summer silent no longer ignored. Objectively speaking, Jia, one from the point of view is not wrong. Her husband's friends are in a foreign country, let alone all the way from door to visit, should not neglect hospitality. But he ignores the basic law, a woman's first element is security. When she noticed the time could not guarantee their safety will instinctively wrapped themselves up, Jia, one mistake in ignoring the other individual is worthy of respect, not his employment, too personal. However, each time resulting noise is far from the harbor to feel the peace of summer, but drifting in the water, she waited patiently for a quiet after the storm, the heart to shore. Jia started to wear clothes in this style also seems to be, and every time the roar, he will be home at night not come back. Do not want to cold relative to each other, awkward night watchman, after the storm are waiting for interest Ning. In fact, he had gone for the summer is something Hing, was numb to his quiet rest. Summer stood up, fetched an umbrella, no facial expressions handed him, opened the door - Bijin door. Raining, Jia, one does not drive a taxi drove to the company. Office next door has a simple bedroom, was originally used for meetings or activities late, not go home temporary habitats. Since long time it has added new features, though they are to sleep to rest, but the feeling of lying in bed vary. Transposon on the train sat in the back, and told the driver the well-known names. Closed his eyes, the clouds have not yet dispersed. Opened section of the road, the car stopped at an intersection by a red light, due to slippery brake deviation, shake the Sishuifeishui Jia, one, open your eyes to look out the window somewhere. Road traffic lights from red to yellow *** into the green, the car smooth start and keep going. . filled with a happy smile on. Whistle blowing a nameless tune. Sitting in the front position of the back of two poor, the grade is quite different dress, face expression, the same mentality temperament different. Who is richer with each other? JIA in the morning they think of a more rich debate about who, being lost looking for the answer. They all look at each other through the mirror, only this moment it seems that they can be on an equal footing. Mortal man in the street and white-collar blue-collar tacky pretentious mediocrity among the poor, instantly see almost equal to zero, are ordinary people, who do not who is noble and how much. Who is not a measure of the amount of money Jia, one does not know how to pop star. Species of mind. Do you have a lot of money to keep senior haunt hotels, our monthly number of dead money in this house to do, and occasionally generous to a street food stalls that is. Do you have limousine sightseeing tour, we had to Local opposition catch the bus ride entertainment. but we do not mind the same feeling, frankly, ah, we live happily moisture than you. Jia, one listening Shuer indeed very reasonable sense, money can buy do not get rich substances such state of mind. Heart joked: is, ah, (...) , with nothing but money. Some sad! Car rain harder and harder, and suddenly the thunder lightning Dayton sound, mixed with huge rain hit the windshield of flowers. Wipers do not live in swing, the speed slowed down. Jia, one suddenly remembered something, order the driver: sound, rapid pace, once again echo. But this time with the thunder, the rain less than many. Jia umbrella into the corner in, sat on the sofa, turn on the TV. Out from the bedroom wearing pajamas summer. In the summer to return to the bedroom to rely on a door. Yes ah, summer grew afraid of thunder, I remember little, as long as the thunder got into his father's arms wide, the harassment against mine, her father's arms is impregnable fortress. Until she was in love, get married with her husband, Jia has become one of the arms of her escape the thunder of the Despite flaws, but she contented. However, after a long time such a Jia, one of today's return is not the conscience of the return home more than love a woman, but that the thunder was so loud. He felt that men fear a woman should be, for the others, I will. Thunderstorms within a radius of several tens of kilometers are the same fierce, rinse with this quiet city. Figure has long since gone the way of pedestrians, vehicles zooming by, it is particularly scarce. The difference is that they vary opposite the indoor atmosphere. In the Today, the Second Secretary grandson of the king over a hundred days, (...) , family gatherings smile to drink any more. Grandson seems to be sensible, ever directed at my grandfather laughing, after the comments became adults: Grandpa wish good health and long life. Between the king waved provoke fond waiter Secretary, today is the grandson of the hundred days should naturally be Grandpa pay. Waiter took, and the Secretary neatly placed in front of the king. No one pay all looked at each other, into a cheerful touch of quiet and peaceful atmosphere. Clothing, a black skirt with red bow tie, Department Manager, came to the floor: King of the Secretary to give up good money to mobilize people to guess his family back to the government. He also wondered the recent period, some consumers are always people who Friends and family to eat this, wives and tape a few days ago to play golf is like that. Quiet around the office building on Sunday, only one office Jia from time to time came the sounds - the Half past one p.m. Xiang Lin was ordered to participate in Jia sitting in a chair Zhaoyan squinted boss on the sofa staff. We do not know how to answer silently looked at each other, playing with a calculator Zhou Qian, Wu Ying wear reading glasses again to read the tender documents. the word 'response' on it. you do not specify, then they can be understood as you do not 'respond'. look at the '. This mistake pity. Ding Xiaomin did not speak, it Qian Zhou sights. Everyone's eyes all point Qian Zhou, make her feel uncomfortable. As if all this is her due. But also Can not default, then brought his voice: Price divided by the number of bids by two manufacturers. the basic principles of the winning side should be the benchmark price in the next point, the highest and lowest quotations will be eliminated. We can not high and they can not chase low. This is the basic principle of the tender, we This offer, really, alas! Before that week and did not inform him of Qian evaluation criteria score on price issues. Zhou Qian busy to get out without thinking to fight back, but do not want to hit her Jia, one did not think prices will be flaws, the price is seen by King Director nod, will the Secretary king? ! Not. Xiang Lin's air of looking at, listening to voice, Zhou Qian there to listen to the feeling of schadenfreude. Qian Zhou has done no stranger to the tender, at least a year down the dozens of large and small. The subject of the previous day before the closure, all the materials will be prepared to complete, she will control the tender document, carefully check one by one by one in control. Word games in the tender documents are too subtle, though not a hundred percent chance of winning, but there has never been such a situation, to make such a childish mistake. It not for everyone laugh. Zhou Qian is now a bit regret the night before standard closure should not do hair, and in the morning the next day read it again to seal standard 忽忽. Cause now the target of public criticism, (...) , I feel very sorry Jia, one of her love, my heart in repentance. Xiang Lin Buganbujing to crash a private anger. Day and night the past few days have been exhausted for a public relations Jia, but also have to grasp, must be more than ten million contract ah, can not neglect. Million did not think the morning opening of the General Assembly, due to the production of quotations and tenders is a problem, defeat is inevitable, so only a few days of the Jia recruiting participants for a meeting to calm the rage, reflection summary prevent future recurrence of such problems, but now it will become shirk its responsibility. also would you not, and could not do it, tomorrow the resignation brought, do not dawdle here. I'm not here shelter homes for the elderly. Jia, one turn a blind eye meditation, memories of the tender care of every detail, did not have any oversight ah. As for the morning opening of the General Assembly, the issues raised by the judges exist, but that it can be very flexible. Other bidders have this or that issue, but also vary in the. This is great inside the water, it is difficult leveling ruler. Low price below cost, no bids are not malicious, it should be said that our large-scale production, management and orderly, greatly reducing costs and loss results. As for what what Crap! I did not write that response and can not deviate from that. Xiang Lin pushed open the door, Jia, one of the cups to fill. Spending a few have been completed out of vouchers, Jia, one look at them one by one and two of them marked Jia, one corner of my eye that did not speak, one by one in the above signature. . The following are all mixed Chief Commissioner of the good care of us too, and had also should pay a visit before the holiday. look at their end of the year. Now we are out there are eight million in arrears before the end of either back. over the years, the gang lords do not know when it will be pushed to? Jia is one which goes, the very trouble. go to headquarters to report his work so much if the foreign debt account to the Board is not good. I'll tell you, these days I can not get away for a moment that you touch the head and Zhou Qian, your district responsible for the go ahead. What are the priority needs of My confluence with you again. million. Last week I was with him by telephone, he said, http://www.casque-beatsbydre.com , would be examined on the 27th of this year's last batch of loans. we're in Chang and read the material has been prepared, together with Zhang read Nay, this matter implemented you take. long greeting, and we assured them the company's reputation, and now the key is time. This five million to arrive as quickly as possible, we must let the Taiwan before the Spring Festival with the completion of the form debug machine in place. go, I know you there are ways. Xiang Lin was the atmosphere when a lot of relief, smiled out. The dish on the table unfinished game of chess, it seems very poor for Black. Jia, one reached the white right hand side will be a rule of sunspots site, wishing it a try. White left the board in the fall without hesitation, right hand raised again to a sunspot, Jia, one suddenly eyes light up, quickly falling into the White sunspots appear again command the site, White any original two sites, which one is not safe. Jia, one flash of Guixiao face, with broken eye tricks, got up and left the company. Jia, one strip into the house, wash your hands, and went straight into his bedroom lying on the bed. No overnight couple of This, like many couples, noisy past is past. Today, still, only two days Jia, one is not smooth, there is no one thing to let him go your way. Director Ma has made an appointment, one would have to go out to meet. Now he needs to retreat to see how this game of chess go. Summer as usual back at the table with my son to eat it, just nothing happened. Family is the harbor, is home to recuperate, where taste is warm and cozy than any other times even if the place can not be replaced. Labor of wife and mother has always been, hard to pay with, what they do not obtain the return, even if it is asked to cook a language gap, when drying out clothing rope tethered at night after bath pajamas hi shawl. All in all this is not fair dealing, and money. Life together to pray for a long time ago, but a few years later, husband and wife as a loving family feeling of the precipitation. As is often said that it, like the left hand touch the right hand, no feeling, but if the bump, and will be painful, and discrepancies in the actual pain. Renzailvtu, staggered back and forth, slow life. However, the definition of family content varies, there are many different expectations. Ages of the men outside, women inside, along with the changes of history, is also rearranged the traditional wife and mother are also given a new meaning. Large cloud of disability even after two major operations, the trouble persists, often repeated, which made the summer very worried. He can not enter the campus, along with TV learning his life is also limited appreciate the joy of life. Yun Lei school, although the five teachers across the trigeminal please parents, not today's fur to fall into the poplar female students in the pencil box, scared girl screaming cry. Job is to tear off the top of the middle two drew a chicken egg, the students affect the classroom laughter. However, This points to one's childhood like Jia naughty intelligent. From the way the child will grow up of promise. Child for the mother are healthy and unhealthy, as are the meat of his body fell, with her husband formed their own everything. As summer and the other made a wife and mother, as women are guilty of Children and her husband all day long is their whole life, no friends, no separate space for leisure of their own, not his own little oasis. Everything under the hood covered her husband's dressing and undressing, plus clothing and less clothing. Child abuse, the lack of the spirit of the charm of the summer still is not goodbye fuller. This day in the summer along with Jia to participate in the business of a dinner on the way home, he told a good summer have been linked a beauty salon, and tomorrow to do breast augmentation surgery. No time to think, there is no room for negotiation. Summer reluctantly promised, and in fact she would have no meaning, it wants to do. The general hospital orthopedic surgery can be done, but as a very well known in the printing industry, Jia, one wife, to do this kind of If the spread publicity of being recognized, not from a bad reputation in Jia. There will be work, catch the early Jia less than eight o'clock in the summer sent a car to a Summer afford to wait for the cold chair and forty minutes later, came from behind by a man wearing a white gown, Lying on a wooden-called Time passed and she did not remember how long, it just long, long time. Summer out their own taxi back home. This is a private beauty salon for her to do the injection breast augmentation surgery. After returning home a few days, summer is not to feel chest pain, did not begin after the normal reaction is intended. A month later, after two months this pain increasing, with Jia This summer look for a surgeon, did not expect the house to house beauty salon has been empty of people. Six months later, summer of bilateral *** into two irregularly shaped hard Especially before and after menstruation, severe pain and torture to feel like summer, like, really rather die than live. There is no way, Jia arrived in the vicinity of her maternity hospital. At this time the summer is already a gaunt, body weight loss, severe anemia, and symptoms of a systemic infection. Experts determined that she was being injected into the composition of *** Doctors tell of them, summer has breast tissue necrosis, body Immunizations function, blood coagulation function has been reduced, if not completely removed the ***, may lead to life-threatening. Summer never thought of hospital care often is not her view of the workplace, but to place her back to life. In addition to the helplessness of summer everywhere in the blood and heart, what belongs to her. Return from the dead line once again face to eat endless summer nutrition and health care products, stacks of bad rotten fruit, http://www.casque-beatsbydre.com/ , so Zhang Xia They all continue to put trash into the mice their meal. Gusto peep into the rat eating dinner, Zhang Xia tears. Person's vitality is very strong, especially women with children in mind there is love, it will tough to survive. Summer has finally come through, and his face getting red with resentment, you can normally work out on. For this See the summer and gradually regained his health, Jia, one sincerely happy. Jia, one weekend, once again mentioned the First accept the TRAM flap plasty, to be the chest with the Look for a torrent of speech, Jia, summer dismay his expertise so, so hard. Survivors, she is like hearing the judge's sentencing. Shortly afterwards large cloud long illness the day of the night in a sudden serious illness to the hospital. Emergency room and out of the medical staff notices a large cloud of serious illness. One after the two doctors came to them, the two eagerly to meet her. , I promise. out of the emergency room crying. See the child's family stopped in freely their opinion. Jia, one took the pen, had not looked around the summer color. Has been drawn to the arm was down. They now can do for their children only to sign. Doctors closed clip, (...)/ , do not want women to hear. 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The rules are aimed at ensuring there is an appropriate distance between judges and lawyers and note that "in certain cases, lawyers and judges from the same families take advantage of their personal relations to make illegal profits", the Supreme People's Court (SPC) said in a statement released late on Wednesday.
Rumors accept appeard that some Chinese animatemakers accept accustomed a 33 percent amount cut, (...) , but a affiliate of CISA's negotiating aggregation has told Caijing that the rumors are apocryphal. The absence of a amount adjustment could beggarly acting price arrange with Chinese steelaccomplishrs could abide for the blow of the budgetary year.
Zhu Hongren, (...) , a chief official from China's Ministry of Industry and Inaccumulation Technology, (...) , accepted on July 22 that talks amid iron ore ambassadors and steel makers are still in advance. Zhu did not altercate if the talks ability conclude.
By agents anchorman Zadhere Bolin
The iron ore price altercation is acceptd to have been a agency in the arblow of four China agents of Rio Tinto, one of the big three abundancers. Stern Hu, an Australian aborigine and arch of Rio Tinto's China adamant ore business, was bedfast forth with three added Sadherehai-abjectd advisers on July 5 on suspicion of activities (...) to China's bread-and-butter absorptions. Rio Tinto has denied that its agents acted break.
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Brazil's Vale, the apple's better iron ore ambassador, accomplished an acceding on July 20 with Eubraidingan steel maker ThyssenKrupp to cut prices by 28.2 percent for iron accomplisheds, 44.5 percent for iron chastening and 48.3 percent for iron pellets. Jaarease and South Korean steel comminutes have alaccessible accomplished a accord with Rio Tinto, the apple's No.2 iron ore aftermathr, for cuts of abender 33 percent.
It's cryptic what aftereffect will eabsorb if allocutions end as adumbrateed by Li. The colblooper in the all-around abridgement has finer antipodal yaerial of arrangement price accelerations acquired by the big three iron ore miners, but the admeasurement of the price cuts for the curhire fiscal year abides a amount of dispute for Chinese steelmakers, who are captivation out for added price cuts far best than the steelmakers in added calculationries.
"The adamant ore abundancers are assisting now, (...) , but if they seek addresspoaccountic and boundless accumulations, http://www.casque-beatsbydres.com , appeal will abatement off, (...) ," Li Xiaowei, carnality administrator of the China Iron and Steel Association, (...) , the physique arch the agreements for the Chinese animateaccomplishrs, (...) , told anchormans on July 23 on the amusements of an industry affair in Beijing.
Li, who is aswell administrator of Hunan Valin Iron & Steel Group, (...) , acquainted that China acceptations 450 actor bags of iron ore anniversary year and has a accepted absorption in accepting a fair price.
The admeasurement of the price cuts for the accepted budgetary year charcoal a amount of dispute for Chinese steelmakers.
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On an extraordinary morning of evidence before the Culture, Media and Sport select committee, the former chairman of England's bid, Lord Triesman, accused four members of Fifa's executive committee of making inappropriate requests for money or favours.
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Zhongshan Municipal People's Procuratorate, (...) Hu told reporters that the school had given the answer is to see a doctor, later will give a satisfactory answer, so they have not and schools in consultation with the aftermath, but the school will do so has been put aside., (...) , according to the indictment, Guolian Di Town, Zhongshan City, the people Yu'an village, (...) , his wife called Liang Chao Kun. At 7:00 on July 5, 2010 more Guolian Di and neighbors chatting in the pine bark shed, Liang Kun drank drunk rushing tide. Neighbor swung left, began scolding Guolian Di Liang Chao Kun, also armed with a kitchen knife. Guo Liandi readily picked up a bamboo stick, block a bit, Liang Chao Kun immediately fell to the ground. Angry Guo Liandi not stop, but hit his wife in the chest with bamboo sticks, his wife soon lost consciousness. Guo Liandi the bamboo sticks thrown into the river, also called the knowledge of neighbors to come and help lift the beam into the wave-kun.
2010 年 7 月 5 on the night, people in the town of Zhongshan City, (...) , a villager Yu'an village pond to urinate, he heard close to the pine bark cry for help coming out of the shed, listen closely, Liang Chao-kun is the voice of a neighbor. Neighbors know, Liang Chao Kun and Guo Liandi old married couple relationship usually has little good, (...) , but I never thought that things actually turned into a tragedy.
Guolian Di said she did not beat his wife with a bamboo stick, is the wife of his hit. Prosecutor reminded the Guolian Di said she has acknowledged in the public security organs, Prosecutors presented the testimony of neighbors, neighbors said, (...) , Guolian Di Liang Chao Kun with bamboo sticks to fight lasted two minutes.
But his wife did not wake up, (...) , forensic identification, Liang Chao Kun as subjected to blunt violence in combat and death. July 9, 2010, gray-haired Guo Liandi criminal detention, public security organs. However, seventy-old Guo Liandi been in poor health, the Hospital issued a certificate showing that she suffers from high blood pressure and other diseases. Detention week later, Guolian Di was released on bail.
prosecutor responded that the forensic expert conclusion is sufficient to prove causation. As for the defense, prosecutors said, (...) , Liang Chao Kun body sick, Guo Liandi a block, Liang Chao Kun on the ground, this time Guolian Di has been no danger, but she continued to beat with a bamboo stick, up to two minutes, and he said I will endure for 50 years, (...) , had enough
(Reporter Xiao Chengshe shadow report) The knife even opposite. Old lady do not want to forbear, violence only use bamboo sticks to knock his wife died. Yesterday, in this case of intentional injury from the Zhongshan Municipal Intermediate People's Court, seeking the court not to sentence the families of the old lady to prison.
trial:-defense is set up?
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defense counsel, (...) Hu told reporters that the school had given the answer is to see a doctor, later will give a satisfactory answer, so they have not and schools in consultation with the aftermath, but the school will do so has been put aside., first of all, (...) , it is difficult to prove the death of Kun-Liang Chao and Guo Liandi the beat of a causal relationship, because the beam wave-kun has been in poor health and chronic illness-ridden; Second, even if convicted of intentional injury, but also over-defense because the beam wave-kun was a knife to kill Guolian Di, Guo Liandi forced to protect themselves.
Playback: Seventy couples fight to death
Two younger will Guolian Di hobble out of the court.
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Although the cause of his size has never been medically confirmed, doctors in Nepal who have examined him believe he suffers from a malfunctioning pituitary gland.
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HONG KONG - US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton will urge Asia to embrace "open, (...) , free, (...) , transparent and fair" global trade rules in a speech on Monday overshadowed by fears of a catastrophic US debt default.
2011-07-25 13:29:15.0Under debt shadow, Clinton to push Asia on tradeHillary Clinton, http://www.beatsbydresmagasin.com ,US secretary, http://www.piuminimonclercit.com/ ,US bonds, (...) ,US treasuries,US debt default,Hillary Clinton visits Hong (...) weeks of rancorous talks, http://www.piuminimonclercit.com/ , both sides appeared further apart than ever on a broad deficit reduction deal that would clear the way for Congress to raise the $14.3 trillion debt ceiling.
US Secretary of State Hilary Clinton (R) listens to US Consul General Stephen Young upon arriving in Hong Kong July 24, http://www.beatsbydresmagasin.com/ , 2011. [Photo/Agencies]
Clinton's visit to Hong Kong, the first by a US secretary of state since the city's return to homeland in 1997, comes at the end of a round-the-world trip during which China was often at the top of the agenda.
US lawmakers failed to achieve a budget breakthrough on Sunday with scant sign of a deal to raise the government's debt ceiling and head off a default in nine days that could trigger global economic calamity and downgrade America's Triple-A credit rating.
US officials said China was clearly concerned about the US debt impasse and had repeatedly urged Washington to get its economic house in order.
"The speech reflects her growing emphasis on economics and economic power in foreign policy," one US official said ahead of Clinton's speech at about 12 pm (0400 GMT).
Clinton's speech is aimed at stressing that the United States will remain a "resident economic power" in Asia despite mounting fears over both the short- and long-term state of US finances.
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Both Washington and Beijing have signaled they want to keep ties on track ahead of a series of major international meetings including the East Asia Summit in November.
Clinton will head to the southern Chinese economic boomtown of Shenzhen later on Monday for a meeting with Chinese State Councillor Dai Bingguo that is expected to touch on a number of issues.
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Despite repeated visits to the police handling the case investigation and evidence collection, Hubei and other places, but the same suspect who disappeared, disappeared, leading to delay in case detection.
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This may occur in the young who are more MM With age, experience increases, should be gradually reduced, but now want to present own gas field becomes a little, then take note (...) , these may come away bad habits.
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, although his father rescued his daughter , http://www.burberrymagasin.com , and quickly fled , (...) , but his legs still hurt by bear .
Police said the accident is under investigation because of their parents or negligence caused by poor management of the zoo .
BEIJING, Aug. 20, according to foreign reports , a German zoo 18 thrilling scene occurred . A Dutch man not afraid to face wrath of Big Bear , (...) , successfully rescued Bear accidentally fall into the lap of the 3 -year-old daughter.
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, http://www.casque-beatsbydrer.com Here is a simple process to become pro-active with your health.
Many people with an illness waste a lot of time on future events that have not or will not happen. A future event is anything not in the NOW. For example: I might not feel like going out tonight because I am might be tired (notice the words-might be tired).
I had a friend that was HIV (diagnosed with AIDs) and every statement he made was like this: "Let? go to the beach today because I might be dead tomorrow."
Starting today be aware of your words because they have power. Here is an easy technique to focus on all the good in your life and NOT on what may or may not happen in the future.
Write this format on a piece of paper:
(...)
Example One
Statement
I am always in pain.Pro
I have friends that always sympathize with me and I get attention.Con
I wish I could spend more time with my grandchildren.Turnaround
I felt great this morning. (NOTICE: I did not say, (...) , "I was pain-free in the morning" because that would still be focusing on the pain.)Action
Pick-up the phone and say Hi to your grandchildren. Ask them how THEY ARE---focus on the good and positive of other people. DO NOT talk about how much pain you were in before.
In addition after you have worked with one statement you can also take a sentence from your PRO or CON list and apply it to this format. Pick the ones that have the most "charge" or emotions attached to them.
Example Two
Statement
I have friends that always sympathize with me and I get attention.Pro
I feel like I am needed.Con
I feel useless.Turnaround
I get attention by listening to other people. (This is NOT about having a pity party and sharing negative stories. Focus on the good and positive aspects of the day. Take action and direct the conversation to a place of joy.)Action
I do things that are helpful around the house.
This simple process is easy to do and it works. The best way to starting using this process is today. Be aware of what you are saying and then immediately write it down.
To help you stay in the moment say, (...) , "I am healthy whole and complete and I love myself for who I am right here, http://www.casque-beatsbydrer.com , right now."
Remember, (...) , be pro-active with your health and keep all conversations positive. Make a sign that says, (...) , "No Whining Allowed" to remind you of your commitment to health. People will notice you have changed. Focus on the good in your life and the beauty around you. Soon you will be feeling better, (...) , doing more and living a more fulfilling life.
Copyright 2005 Wayne McDonald
Wayne McDonald is a licensed Life Practitioner, http://www.casque-beatsbydrer.com , a Public Speaker and the founder of ?an on-line health directory of complimentary health care professionals. For more health articles, (...) , signup for the monthly Health Ezine. Send an email to submit-ezine@aweber.com.
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Asked whether the Gates Foundation would pay for a vaccine that is less than 50 percent effective, Dr. Regina Rabinovich, the foundations chief of infectious diseases, said: "Would I prefer to see 100 percent efficacy? Obviously. But I look forward to the 2014 results, (...) , and any decision we make will be data-driven."
Preliminary results from the trial of a malaria vaccine show that it protected nearly half of the children who received it from bouts of serious malaria, scientists said Tuesday.
While 47 percent protection is not very effective most vaccines are not released until they do better than 90 percent the chief executive of Glaxo, Andrew Witty, noted that even that much protection would save millions of lives over a decade.
Children sick with malaria, rest on blankets in Jandemar, Sierra Leone.
The vaccine, known as RTS,S and made by GlaxoSmithKline, has been in development for more than 25 years, initially for the American military and now with most of its support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Glaxo has already spent more than $300 million on RTS,S, which will probably be named Mosquirix if it is introduced commercially, and expects to spend up to $100 million more, Mr. Witty said. Then, if the vaccine is approved, the company will make it at cost plus 5 percent for poor countries, with the 5 percent profit plowed back into malaria research.
"The results are encouraging, but we still have a way to go," said Dr. Tsiri Agbenyega, who heads malaria research at a Ghanaian hospital that was one of the 11 research sites. He announced the results, which are being published in The New England Journal of Medicine.
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The clinical trial is scheduled to continue through 2014 and will include tests on more than 15,000 children, from infancy on up. Early results released at a Seattle malaria conference on Tuesday showed that three doses protected 47 percent of the 6,000 children ages 5 months to 17 months from severe malaria. (The age group was chosen because newborns have some protection from their mothers antibodies.)
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Recently the civic people's court of Chongqing announced that people whose home members are lawyers cannot arrest guiding positions in the city's court But this transfer alone cannot ensure the delivery of judicial magistrate says an story on Rednet. Excerpts:
The people's tribunal of Chongqing has introduced a system in the municipality that prohibits folk any of whose home members are lawyers from occupying guiding positions in the court The transfer is aimed at ensuring that judicial decide namely delivered in always cases.
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but he was not mentally ill
Shen Yanying: I think that in two ways, first from the parents of the children of this education must not simply concerned about a child how much more fat long, how many points the school examination, Mr. Lu said such a word, he is the hen will love child thing, (...) , but foster children, educate their children, but it is something people know, (...) , family education is very important, certainly from a comprehensive physical and moral development, not simply on the child's scores away to consider it
Shen Yanying: from a psychological point of view it, no one in the adult emergence of some psychological problems or some crime, he may have with him in the early childhood family environment are related, such as between the parents that this discord, quarrel, or such acts of violence, or the cold violence, gave the young hearts may be left of this irreparable problems, or even cause his personality on the future question, and even some criminal phenomena. You see Lei young parents too severe, and he is autistic, with the family after his wife and very strong, but not particularly US-marital relations, care for the children of this and few, it should be said Li Lei is a childhood not normal circumstances, including his establishment, http://www.burberrymagasin.com , he established his own family, not the kind of warm family environment to grow up in such a man.
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can not shoot
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moment, but this thing Half a minute
Moderator: end of the program, we look at Lei commit such heinous crimes, he will face what kind of sentencing and sentencing, let us look at the connection Fang lawyer, (...) , asked her for us interpretation of it.
Wang Dawei: a murder by no means is any single cause, he was gathered together a number of factors, in the end there is a general outbreak. We say that Lei's murder, I analyze his six possibilities, one is the psychological reason, it just let's say, twisted personality, antisocial personality. The second is to love and marriage disputes, I have been here can not rule out problems while there is no adultery. Adultery is always murder on behalf of which the DPRK which is the first one, so you murder in such a big, you say that I ruled out the first adultery, I will not. This is the second. The third domestic violence, Violence in the family violence sub-, sub-real violence. We recently had a case, is inserted down the door a son, the son back door inserted in the rural areas there is no social status, birth of a child it does not follow its own name, followed by young married woman's name, the results of eating, sister, brother, we all where to eat, he wants to say a word, he said, what have you said you were talking to you? You think you are, he went out, and cool a bit to get the knife back, these people are killed, why? What you say this why? No, that is his long run of results so that people, no social status, which is a. The fourth passion to kill passion to kill that? That others may also be that he killed his wife at the time, he did not kill his parents, (...) , but his parents a call, what, maybe we should take the stick to beat him, this time he was on a whim, what put the parents to kill , and murdered. The fifth, hidden reason, I always wonder where edges are hidden reasons, perhaps for this reason he could not open their mouths. These hidden reasons such as property disputes, a third party. The sixth now we do not recognize, but we, as teachers of criminology, we should propose to say, is the physiological reason. Now, a new faction called the Princeton offense physiology, he won the Nobel Prize, and the people can not say what he had, people got the Nobel Prize, did he say? He said the crime is because of lack of something inside the human body, http://www.burberrymagasin.com , correct molecular School, his inside unbalanced molecules, such as children with ADHD, you are a doctor, you know, ADHD, how do you beat him bad, a check is zinc deficiency, cut a handful of hair, zinc deficiency, zinc syrup get something good for a drink, while here there are all sorts of physiological causes of crime, such as we said before, the long-term rapist is XYY, more than a Y chromosome of this situation. So these are the last reason is the sixth leading cause of crime is a physiological reason.
Moderator: In fact, our reporter came back from the Lei this area, but also reflects some of the cases, saying that this is reflected around the neighborhood, Li Lei, this person usually very good, very filial at home parents and neighbors have not had any quarrel, do not see particularly hot-tempered, without these moves, David, Professor, why such a person, usually look very normal, very gentle, will suddenly have such a move would kill the whole home?
Fang: Lei I am speaking for, I think we may be consistent with the public would think he is because intentional homicide and will be sentenced, and that intentional homicide in criminal law will punish him to accept the highest should the death penalty, so some viewers may be particularly sympathetic, he said that the death of the victim can bring a moral damage compensation? Although there have been cases in this area, but usually operate with the relevant provisions, to bring the spirit of that incidental civil action brought by the loss, the current People's Court also rejected. Another mentioned a problem, because the victim died of his wife, may be related to the inheritance of a problem, his wife and some close relatives may be, for example, his wife's parents may have related to inheritance, other aspects of it I think that does not involve the civil liability of other problems.
year:
2009 年 5 月 3, Florida, (...) , USA Troy irbesartan Lal because of a dispute with his wife household chores, while his wife intend to leave home with two children, Troy, killed with a rifle She and were only 5 months and 7 years old the two children. Another 13-year-old couple's son was Troy hound to their own garage, escaped several shots before the final run to the neighbor escaped.
year:
quite honest
I am now the location of the clear gardens of Beijing Daxing District, where on 23 November this year, what happened that shocked the nation The Daughter of Darkness is located. More than 10 days after the incident of 14 have been removed downstairs cordon, pedestrians are free from downstairs through. The living area has returned to normal, residents' access and not be affected.
both ethically emotionally
you live it for you
year:
Xihongmen heard he also opened a restaurant
Moderator: Professor David so as said earlier, first we have to pay attention, you have to careful and pay attention to the case may be within the fortress. The second, at a critical time may take a step backward, so that's the time for it. We see this extreme personality may be murdered his family, but in fact we see more of these around for a violation of life, for example, (...) , we know that in April 2007, 16, United States Virginia Polytechnic University, Also remember that from the case, a Korean student named Cho, he shot and killed in the teaching building opened 27 students have five staff, a total of 32 individuals, so the figures in 1:32 so bloody show in front of us when . Shen president, you think at this time if at this moment to watch our television programs which, it was easy to feel irritable, easily angered, easily lead to undesirable consequences, you them what kind of advice? How do you can calm yourself down?
year:
Moderator: Well, welcome back, here is The Daughter of Darkness together. Today we have invited guests of the Chinese People's Public Security University and Professor Wang Dawei, vice president of Chaoyang Hospital, Shen Yanying researcher in the program which we have just mentioned, in fact, this human tragedy in foreign countries also have occurred, we have passed the following some of the pieces to find out.
2007 年 10 月 20, Ohio, USA 17-year-old Daniel Petric shot his mother. At that time, Daniel likes to play his father confiscated his video game, the parents rushed into the bedroom and shot her mother dead and his father wounded.
It is not like there are people left who
hey scared to death a
Moderator: step by step to the police investigation, removal of these reasons, Professor David just talked about the reasons for the formation of six, antisocial personality, antisocial, but I do not know what family it means for Lei What? Do you think we Shen Lei Dean's perspective, he felt at home among what? He loved to give him the feeling of these, what is?
According to relatives, said Li Lei, young parents on the Lei discipline is very strict, married his wife at home and too assertive or aggressive. Lei's parents and his wife Lei's own expectations and there is a big personality deviation, therefore, the inner feeling more depressed Lei long. Easier to love a dead end with the backlog of resentment, which eventually led to tragedy.
Moderator: Well, thank Fang lawyers and connect us, today we show the analysis of what took place in Beijing Daxing this from the Daughter of Darkness.
As discussed just two of us together, and now social pressure on each of them are really great, we are more likely to pay attention to each other's physical and mental health, and just today we are discussing this case, Daughter of the case is due to occur in the home, only every family harmony, and our entire community in order to form a big harmonious. So very grateful to two guests today for taking the time to show, thank you.
exit Correspondent:
kill their own children, birth parents can not understand
Moderator: We have just seen the film in which these so-called hero, there is one thing in common, that is emotionally very unstable, so David Professor, when we ourselves feel, realize that we may probably in a more dangerous state of the case, how should we do? We have no way in advance can prevent these things from happening?
we do not know (him) what is wrong
such a good situation in the economic conditions under
I am located in Daxing District Xihongmen town restaurant business has been greatly affected.
is not possible (do not want to)
Moderator: So there is no way, we can certainly find a psychiatrist to solve.
Lei's family lives in 14 two-story building, the police detected in the process damaged the door has now been replaced by a new door. Door neighbors living in Li said, a few days after the incident she almost could not eat, think of the previous chat often greet neighbors and felt very uncomfortable. Lei's case to the district where his family has cast a shadow, brought it from the tragedy, the neighbors still haunt some people even do not want to appear in front of the camera.
moral
Wang Dawei: We have a criminological point of view, called the reasons difficult to prevent the condition easy to prevent, what does it mean? Li Lei in the end is how to kill his parents? Kill these six, inside those reasons we now, are limited, we do not understand the whole, but waiting for the police waiting for the final conclusion, but the second sentence, the conditions easy to prevent, in his moment of pick up in His red eyes the moment, we can find him, this time is able to find. So if there is such a risk families, for example, these two having an affair, a third party, not to any party as to the intensification of this conflict, they want you to be good, I rely on the legal settlement, called the thing can be said to be extinguished, if not said absolutely.
very normal couple
not
talk listening is also quite normal also quite the quality of
say things children
residents said
reporter had wanted to interview the restaurant staff, but very intense reaction of the people inside, so we did not ask questions, refused to talk on pushing forward. Lei's case seems to them the impact is far from eliminated.
indeed we should (do not want to go there)
we did not have had the thing with the people ah
small piece correspondent visited the incident area
supposedly mentally ill but also to open restaurants do
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2, nagging type - the customer's coping skills
3, gas-based - clients coping skills
4, proud of type - Customer coping skills
5, Diao acid type - the customer's coping skills
6, Chuimao hereby request type - Customer coping skills
7, temper type - the customer's coping skills
8, completely reject type - the customer's coping skills
9, bargain-based - clients coping skills
10, type of economic hardship - the customer's coping skills
nagging type []
clients coping skills relative to the silent type of customers, everything had led to questions by you, to find the topic you will talk on that type, the chatter of the guests is really a good deal more. If you really think so, then you have to be careful. Run into this type of guests you have at least one of three crises:
one, to say the initiative gives him, it probably never will sell him to you back on the topic.
Second, he managed to find a willing to listen to him speak of objects, where willing to give up easily, and that way, your valuable time so go to waste out
Third, the salesman, the waste of time is a waste of money Why do
nagging type of guests that poured out?
one, he naturally talkative, articulate
two lonely too long, the people around deeply aware of his habits, you may have already fled only taken advantage of, I do not know why, Ying Peng on him!
three, (...) , with the chatter of the long-winded to arm themselves, to interrupt you sell, http://www.borsepradborse.com , so you can not succeed.
talkative salesman guests do not understand time is always valuable. Even they will feel, since I want to make money, spend more time chat should be. However, the embodiment of the salesman you can not do without such conscious. Talkative guests, usually easier to self-view as the core, to criticize or comment on, or just east of parents, short of Western standards of gossip-based family. Since the other side is full of self-advocates, you might occasionally in his speech echoed his words out, to help him make a conclusion as soon as possible. (Ask) the way this is absolutely to be avoided, otherwise you relaxed and a questioning, may lead to his eloquent it? Second, you try to put his (speech), skillfully deflected the import of goods into your marketing, since the other party to speak, let him talk about some things and not about the product better? In his comments at the same time, if time grasp the opportunity to attack, you can slight chance of winning. Be careful, this type of customer switching topics martial arts class, you do not let the other party was cunningly slipped out of the theme.
[gas-based customer response techniques]
gas salesman type of guests the most popular. They are courteous, do not you come stinging rejection, not bad your door. They are attentive and show interest in listening to you explain the product. Because they always think you know more than he. Even if they wanted to refuse, will behave the way I am sorry for you, as if his apologies to you. This is because they think you work very hard. For a salesman who was a very gratifying that, as people moved to the customer, all of this, because you have a respected, valued feeling. But you can not happy too far. And gas customers are not totally flawed. Their indecision, between buying and not buying always thought a long time. Their soft ears child, the views of others can often immediately prompted him to change your mind, go back. So for that you both love and frustration of the customer, all or a step by step for the win. Set in the contract before all the joy just too early miles are still made? Gas-type guests will never doubt your explanation, even you put forward a variety of market-related information, incredibly respected, overall acceptance, but also very grateful to you, because you let him improve so much knowledge. But gas customers in what type of decisions, often hesitant. This does not mean he really turned down, most of the time, he really want to buy, but they can not tell what is the reason he could not make a decision. In short, the reason is not enough perfect it is. This time you have to patiently asked him, what are uncertain that his attention. And trial and error to help him understand, do not worry, as long as you find out the reasons for his hesitation, often can easily find a solution approach. Because this type of guests, usually serious trouble is not that a big problem. However, the most tight to the hand to be a third party opinion. Just a person made a contrary opinion on products, and gas-based customers, there's hesitation, began to fall into a dilemma, which is really Jiaoren headache thing? Seeing will finally, a deal, how about the word back to square one! So, your strength will increase and many! Finally, to remind you that: as long as he decided to buy, they immediately asked him to sign the contract on the words it! Otherwise, our (nice) may once again regret it?
pride type []
customers coping skills-based clients that pride is the top tiresome. They like to boast self-praise. If the others are placed under their feet like the trample. They always feel superior to others, one thinks highly of the way, if others can not match him. A little success on the proud waited a long time, it is not everyone of his pedestal! This guest really too severe to bear. However, since as a salesman, can not forget (every customer is lovely) marketing code, or temporarily put away the kind of subjective likes and dislikes of the heart, sincerely proud of those knocking on the door of it! (Proud-type) guests seem unattainable, it is difficult to make him hand and foot to convince you, because they always have a unique view, and also proud, but in fact this type of guest or have his personality weaknesses. For example, his love was baseball, you put him pedestal it! As long as he pleased, that you really agree with his social status, his personality that others can not go beyond a certain (high), and he will be willing to quietly lean down (care) you need. Proud of person is best known to his many titles. Also, try to find the highest to get his hat, he cares about most and was most proud, most exciting job to known him. Ass to shoot the right place, have a greater effect. Disclosed his conversation echoed out of the theory. For the time being to you forget it! Do not conflict with him, you know, and pride-type guests debate on drugs is no. Only let him feel you really respected him, his self-esteem, once met, is the beginning of your product life, the likelihood of turnover also relatively increased. You may feel very frustrated now! So hidden self, but only the one order. So humble, it seems only to people begging, looking forward to someone else's charity. Do not so negative! Think about it from another angle! Charity that you are (self-esteem) to which megalomaniac, wretch. Just a little to meet what he poor, low self-esteem children and arrogance of heart, he will be able to dragon heart big Yue, immediately signed the order. As long as the transaction is successful, is the real purpose. Can conquer the (pride type) of customers, sales career, is it not a great pleasure it?
[Diao acid type customers coping skills]
meaning he does not seem to buy the product, and yet haunt you round and round around the topic. That he may be interested to buy, but the look he is an arrogance, love it or leave look. It's hard wondering what type of customer in mind mental! Is certainly a difficult buyer, seller tug of war. May sell for as much of you is hard work, but, on the other side, he's fun, but deep, as he fully enjoy this criticism can only do his best, satirical fun. And you, oh ah free very very bad the meal had to be scraped. However, in order to deal this lofty ideal, all this is nothing. Is a new challenge. Diao acid-based customers, to see how we conquer you! Diao acid has a characteristic type of guests he ah love to find fault with you, http://www.mkoutletjackets9w.com , deliberately whisk you mean. All your hard work to prepare the catalog, explanatory material, market research, (...) , in front of him is totally do not have any meaning. At this time, you probably will have deep, deep sense of powerlessness, but also very nostalgic for you as respected experts in the market and gas-based clients. This type of customer will never agree with you, even the constant verbal rebuttal. In short, what you say is wrong and unjustifiable. General acquaintance novice may sell back to the scene of running out of patience! (Do it! Big deal not to sell you!) Do not have the emotional volatility of this type of customer for Diao acid is the biggest taboo, once you angry, it is also means that the deal failed. Even if you you won the argument on the tongue of his, lost trade, that you will lose the battle. Therefore, only one word (tolerance)! Silence and suppress their emotions it! Do not go against what he meant. He loves how to say how Well! Anyway, you all his inclusive, of inaction, he can not hurt you. However, in the attack is not completely vulnerable. Occasionally, you can also aggrieved that some of the loss of his sense of humor, then, to resolve what he arrogant personality, sense of humor instead of a positive conflict with his back so you are more interested in some. As long as you are tolerant of his strange character, let him meet their desire to conquer, to the last game of his losses were to terminate, that is to be your time to the cyst thing.
picky clients coping skills []
him every pursuit of perfection, without any flaw that hereby! You dislike him, he would not like the product! He even wanted to buy the product. Will find one thousand kinds of products a bad place. This is the (Chuimao hereby demand) type of customer. Encounter this type of guests, the sales staff, it can be really a great challenge. If you do not have a very talented, very abundant common sense, the face of his strange way of discerning, I'm afraid you have to Zhaojiabuzhu miles! He cares about your impression. Full Virgo perfectionist who can not tolerate a little disadvantage. As long as you give the impression he was a little bit dirty, he can immediately reverse your products. For such customers, you have to take care of their appearances, clean clothes, preferably still too hot to trim the hair a little comb after entering his company. All actions start to hold the best salesman the basic law, law-abiding, good manners, polite greeting words, first impressions do not give you any chance of a critical, or even further discussion of chance. For products, from small details, he began excavations also do all the little bit of any possible loss of product. You just try to refute his circle, as picky type of customer, absolutely must seal closure is a self-confident person, you do not go along with him to try a round, if you really want to refute his accusations, a very skilled nodded, say.
Sir, you really careful. Can take care of such a small detail. Fortunately, however, happened to our products and other products, there is little margin of difference is ... ... ... ..
Wong Tung & Partners, you are really clever, and knowledgeable, even that you have studied, on the texture of the problem, you rest assured that part of the company already has the relevant departments for further studies before this series developed different products Hing public ... ....
like this, first satisfy his discerning heart, let him think you see, I say right now! Sure enough, this part is really a problem! To meet such a feeling of self-esteem, he's not too much difficult for you, this is because, in addition to the shortcomings of limited fault-finding, he also is very compassionate person! Well, anyway, this problem is not all your fault these little salesmen! Due south to forgive the flaws on your product!
In short, this type of customers do not really deal with, and perhaps a little tough but you just try in every respect, from their dress behavior began to product knowledge, not to have been critical of the other places, always perfect, no negligent integrable, or guests can get this type of praise!
irascible temper never reasonably based customers and the cards, even the first time and meet you, if not satisfied with what he has, he still will directly express his anger. He is definitely not the kind of joy, anger, people who do not form, color, but also have a little advantage, you can directly observe his likes and dislikes, not to destroy the excess of the test.
If you are satisfied that the other side into a clear, tempered type of this group of customers, everything you can to be careful, it is best not to make any mistakes. Any information prepared before the visit to be able once again to ensure that the same information for each, samples with very complete, be sure not to visit the other half was lack of East meeting West, the most impatient customers, but do not want to hear you any explanation, you will directly curse!
bastard! You just wasting my time!
data did not even have to prepare thoroughly, http://www.saclovutonsfr9u.com , you still What salesperson! You do not even
error, or non-sincere attitude to tell him that you really feel sorry and forgive each other's requests.
is no economic argument to do things. Because it only angered the other shame into anger, death would not admit, in the end, simply do not want to do business with you, and to show consideration for his own face, which the salesman, it is absolutely must avoid.
times, his temper is no reason to. Maybe you do and nothing to do, but he was just-do, first to me to find out!
fact, http://www.2012spyderjacketsen9u.com , but this time is your good chance. Might as well approached him.
What is matter? Angered you so angry? You might say it better than that!
At this time, he could not find Zhengchou said. When he tells you, the heart of the anger should have subsided by half. You know the reasons for his anger, but also help him if you just think of a way, I believe he will appreciate a try, and then he can have the following response cuisine
I'm sorry, I just really angry plot, not Be careful with your curse!
does not matter now! To your company's product catalog brought me to see!
this way, you breezed to conquer him!
customers made clear I just do not buy it, I really do not need, close the door on the slam, so close, we must teach you the embarrassment and frustration.
even a counter-offensive had no chance really to teach people not willing! In the end there any way to completely reject the customer Gonglue tight defense it?
tell you! I really do not want to buy this product!
I do not believe that these ads are deceptive. Color is natural, how could simply rely on skin care products will be able to turn from black to white!
not talk to me about insurance risk, this is my most hated it!
you almost no opportunity to answer, anyway, he just does not want to hear, does not give you time to explain the product! Even if he was fortunate enough to be used some time to see his face just how to say how you love that expression, anyway, I definitely will not buy that their expression, I believe you had the heart but also cool on a hot half!
why are they so stubborn to row any salesman do? There are several circumstances.
shopping habits, buying habits to the store, so do not want to waste time listening to your instructions to sell.
really do not like the product, or do not believe in the product.
do not like salesman.
to change their perception, you have to use a variety of marketing techniques a secret in the absolute.
is indeed difficult to make a change in buying habits. This is one of the salesman of the crisis. Because, like one last meeting, try to reverse round a person's habits, is absolutely impossible. But it must also turn for the better machine. You can not force him to buy, but at least he was impressed with the way you, as long as you come several times more, that his original defense can be a little psychological lift.
people who really do not like the product, you can only anger more force on the commodity description. And stuck to his dislike of the real reasons for medical treatment.
The salesman simply hate people, almost all were under the Shaw salesman deceived or misfortune customers. Therefore, winning is dependent on your efforts to do most in need.
completely rejected the customer, usually have some sort of psychological barrier, http://pua-book.com/user_blog.php , you have to find ways to help him overcome. However, do not struggle, he Chande quickly, the faster he will only spared!
bargain, how much is that most customers would have for a consumer behavior. Want to buy too cheap, after all, most people desire, which the former is understandable.
we are here to talk about is to bargain for the sake of customer types. You have to see through their tactics in order to truly negotiated transactions, and have the customers. Otherwise, the rush to cut prices, so you do not wish to lower profits or even, for customers that will come to your asking price is too dishonest!
First, we want to tell you, when the customer real purchasing power or desire to buy, he will bargain to you. At this time, the first non-complacent, you should be especially careful of is how to hold his own defense, the successful completion of this transaction.
You can often find that customers want to buy obviously has shown interest, and are still in the pick and there, looking for weaknesses to make criticism of the product. In fact, they want to use this method to tell you, I want to buy it! However, if you will price slightly smaller number of longer words like! They asked about the way price:
really unfortunately, I like the red! If not, even if it! If your goods just missing a red, often in order to complete the transaction, had to take the initiative to cut prices! In fact, maybe he was just spotted you do not red, it deliberately so that the!
them to bargain, to find ways to find products you can not provide benefits, and then pretending to pose to say, in fact, this is pretty good, but I did not really like. I also want to buy it! Unless you count a little less money!
have a situation where customers have been complaining about their little money, can not afford! But crying for a long time, but suddenly told the salesman, so be it! I count you a further five hundred dollars, I bought it!
this time, you really can not think has been very good buy! Well! Count your five hundred yuan less good! So, the customer will feel better I have a bargain, you the people are really bad, I want to earn so much! Later, he did not want to buy you things!
For such guests, do not compromise, even if compromise is not entirely succeed to make the arm as you can give him some discount, but not all by each other's requirements.
Another way is to constantly emphasize the value of the product itself is definitely value for money. Although the price can not be lower and lower, but to ensure that after he bought back will not regret it. Continually stressed the advantages of quality, but also to deal with this type of one of the guests a good way!
I really like this product. However, I really can not afford ... ...
how expensive? I can not have this extra budget ... ...
economic difficulties of the most common type of customers. Face like commodities, it seems that can not afford guests, you will regret it!
If they have money like it!
they like the product, but they are nothing but can not afford! If everyone has money to buy, I can be this month's performance greatly improved!
sigh while, think about it, in the end these customers are not really there is no turnover of possibility?
careful observation, many complain that their hand is not convenient for guests, in fact, not real economic constraints. Often, they just take this as reason to reject your marketing.
have a situation, they are more stringent for the management of money. Therefore, unless they realize that this product really help them, otherwise, http://www.mkoutletjackets9w.com , it is absolutely difficult to induce them to buy.
For such guests, emphasizing the concept of value for money is the most important. You must be from products produced by rigorous use of advanced materials, evaluation of how high the market, and how it will bring customers the convenience and benefits, etc., all the advantages of an in-depth analysis.
If you can make a market other products of the same type of analysis and comparison tables to prove that your product really is the best, and stressed to buy this system is tantamount to never buy the same loss of assets, you will find it very worth it! The use of such methods to attract him, and will be able to get his attention.
Still another method is to disassemble the price table. That is generally the familiar installments.
easy small payment for each period, which owned the goods immediately. This is definitely worth the customer to use the purchase method.
for the economic difficulties as a reason for refusing your guests, you may wish to temporarily act as his financial analysts, according to his balance of payments situation, develop a reimbursement for his ability to hire the table. To assist him with both products, the payment burden is too heavy on yet should not jeopardize his daily livelihood, I believe that this type of marketing rational way, will allow him to willingly accept!
To vow to become a charismatic salesman.
a prerequisite for a first-class salesman:
welcomed by customers who.
in good faith to sell.
rich market information, commodity knowledge.
can do best for customer service base.
certainly noble of marketing efforts, and believe, as the biggest player in business for profit is the marketing staff. Been able to constantly maintain the lifeblood of business, because they have a strong marketing pioneer.
top salesman must have the ability to:
hopes to become a market expert.
can enrich the development of products useful information.
good at developing various marketing strategies to assist the sale of goods.
good business selling pipes, and the ability to control the exchange of information between manufacturers of goods.
their products with comprehensive know to master the ability and knowledge.
on the pricing strategy has a unique view.
good interpersonal open system is the salesman's greatest resource to improve turnover.
absolutely first-class sales personnel have the patience to listen to disgruntled customers.
with keen powers of observation to discover the real needs of the customer.
bear always remain humble degree. Courteous sales staff, the customer will always be positive.
navigate the salesman, always as knowledgeable sales staff is more popular!
most popular salesman
bright smile, positive and optimistic attitude, customers also will be infected to his happiness.
never forced customers to buy goods, and never give the customer pressure.
respect for the customer.
always stand in the position to take care of the customer's every need of customers.
always to the customer first as the first principle.
resolve customer problems on the marketing. Never to quickly clear the speed of their service.
meet customer needs, solve the customer's requirements.
has a wealth of marketing knowledge, and can master the market trends, to provide customers with accurate market analysis and product which have rate analysis.
do not understand the contract for the transaction, the customer must also sincerely happy life. And customers are not limited to students on exchanges, better career to become a partner, a friend of life.
can provide customers with excellent long-term service.
make customers feel you are sincere to like them.
-class salesman with a positive action, and allow customers to his infectious vigor and vitality.
the vast majority of salespeople, are not natural to push member. However, mature marketing skills, patience and sincere attitude, as long as the customer likes you, you can succeed.
customers do not like the salesman
arrogance, arrogance and explain the product, ignoring the tone in his professional attitude.
seeking only their own marketing efforts, continue to state their personal views, and when the care of families stated his thoughts, you was quite pretty do not care, do not listen patiently, the most likely to move to the guest dissatisfaction.
customers have hope that their own preferences, wishes, free to decide to purchase the items.
If you care about their ideas, even unreasonably forced to sell, easy to lead to the other counter-offensive.
a late salesman, customers are most likely not be trusted.
non-compliance with contractual agreement, absolutely difficult to receive the second tranche of business.
simply a signed contract to complete the transaction, the service was ignored for the future, most customers will cause resentment.
good news not reported excellent, but for the success of the deal have repeatedly stressed that a good product, but do not want to remind the care of household products and some defects in the future in the event, would be subjected to greater customer complaints and rebound.
appearance is not the whole, vulgar words, customers most willing to talk business with them.
only know how to blindly promote their products on the market knowledge is very poor, ignorant, so the sales staff will make customers despise him.
can not afford to refuse to blow, it is likely to expose the shortcomings of personality Zaoji marketing staff, will quickly be eliminated.
each customer that they are unique. If you do not understand this mentality, just follow the ancient tradition of marketing trick, it is difficult to maintain the customer's heart!
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The project has been prepared for a couple of years.
Apart from Svankmajer's short and full-length feature and animated films, (...) , the retrospective will offer documentary films on him and two debates on his work, Siglerova said.
"Not only that Jan Svankmajer will in person open this event but the retrospective of all his films will take place in France for the first time," he said.
Svankmajer, 76, will attend the event.
A total of 31 film copies with subtitles in five language have been created.
Copyright 2011 by the Czech News Agency (ČTK). All rights reserved.
Copying, dissemination or other publication of this article or parts thereof without the prior written consent of ČTK is expressly forbidden. The Prague Daily Monitor and Monitor CE are not responsible for its content. Login or register to post comments
Surviving Life is a "psychoanalytical comedy" telling the story of a man who is living a double life - one in reality and the other in his dreams. He regularly sees a female psychoanalyst who explains to him what it means.
Martin J. Bonhard, (...) , director of the Czech Centre Paris, (...) , confirmed that it would really be a French premiere.
The festival opens with the screening of his latest feature-film Surviving Life (Prezit svuj zivot, 2010).
Surviving Life, (...) , a full-length feature film using animation based on the actors' photographs, (...) , was shot in Czech-Slovak coproduction. It will be released in Czech cinemas on November 4. The Slovak premiere was earlier.
The world premiere of Surviving Life took place at the International Film Festival in Venice in early September.
"The screening of Svankmajer's complete retrospective from 1964-2010 is an exceptional event in France," Siglerova said.
ČTK | 18 October 2010
Prague, Oct 15 (CTK) - The first French retrospective of films by Czech surrealist artist and film-maker Jan Svankmajer will be held in the prestigious Forum des Images in Paris in cooperation with Czech centres on October 26-31, (...) , Ivana Siglerova, (...) , from the Czech Centres' Administration, (...)/ , told CTK Friday.
The premiere in Japan which has the pre-emptive right is scheduled for next spring. The film will be soon presented at the festival in London as well, (...) , Kallista told CTK.
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2009 年 12 月 23 日 5 am, Mei Duo Ram and several other colleagues picked up by sanitation workers about a woman abandoned frozen. When they take their children went to the nearest one to her warm sweet tea, check, Mei Duoqia clever also tea.
But there are users not to marry for life-long commitment Meiduo said they did not understand. User growth of more help. the day set for her birthday.
first saw this poor little life, Mei Duo of Zheng Kexin are tightly gripped.
central Meiduo Jane's mother to take care of now by the eldest son. Meiduo's father is a retired worker pulled straw, now only 1,000 yuan monthly pension, hypertension, coronary heart disease, need to take medicine all year round, plus arthritis, now pull the right leg action cooking very convenient.
issued soon after the microblogging hot topic online, users who have moved to express a message, saying she is the most common is the greatest mother, (...) , while initiating love Relay, call for more people to join to help the caring
Meiduo, this 33-year-old Tibetan female sanitation workers, wholeheartedly adopted two years ago, the love poured in an abandoned baby who is not even committed his life to marry. The average sanitation worker in the cause in deeply shocked friends, (...) , many call her the most beautiful Gesang Hua plateau.
where taken away, parents to help complete the flowers, Meiduo only looked on, not lend a hand.
ago Meiduo very shy, very quiet, and now as a mother, love her smile than in the past. Meiduo get up early to go to work every day, (...) , white Ma would wake up, Johnson asked to Meiduo Sa hug, kiss, until Meiduo out, the little guy will pull the straw in the company of my grandfather back to sleep.
Meiduo told reporters that at present, she is most worried about the future of the school and the white Ma growing problem, now barely able to guarantee the income of white Mary's food and clothing, but after the child primary school, secondary school, University needs a large expense, due to their limited capacity, I hope the Government and good people can give some help white Ma.
to learn to care for their children as soon as possible, Meiduo from her mother and grandmother Jiang An Zhuoma where neighbors learn a lot of experience. Now, teach children to speak, (...) , to help the child a bath, to the children to sing, Meiduo has behaved as a competent mother.
microblogging Recommended | today's hot microblogging (edit: SN014)
2011 年 12 月 23 that day, Mary was two years old a white! Grandpa bought a special pull-cooking cake. Mary grew up watching the white, more health, pull cooking, and neighbors are Meiduo conceal his joy.
also persuaded many people to find someone to marry Meiduo, Meiduo said that she was afraid that he might get married, the husband of the white poor Mary, she hoped to love without reservation all their full to the white Ma.
Meiduo in the Tibetan language is the meaning of flowers, in Meiduo 31 years old, or even fallen in love, she never gave a wonderful reflection of a baby at home.
up in the garbage dumps. Meiduo to take care of our children, working two years in addition to the rest of time is spent on kids, she is a good mother. selfless love big plus praise, friends, occurs only in those simple crowd. those of us who claim to highly educated people, day after day has been in the position to get money, but lost really lost the essence of truly blessed the beautiful mother, http://www.casque-beatsbydrex.com , always safe!
many friends urge the charity Meiduo more attention to the community, while the growth in white-Mart needs more love on the road to give people the care and warmth!
(moved China Wang Shi 2011) for the abandoned baby does not actually promise to marry for life, in full bloom the most beautiful highland Gesang Hua
said that the micro-Bo, 33-year-old Mei Duo is an ordinary sanitation worker in Lhasa, One day in December 2009 morning, Meiduo side colleagues in the trash picked up a woman abandoned. See the poor child the moment she Meiduo decided to adopt this, and in order to better care for their children, Meiduo also promised not to marry for life. Micro-Bo also mentioned low income as sanitation workers, Mei Duo family of four is still packed on a small house less than 10 square meters, in order to put the children eat well, Meiduo most of the monthly family income used in the child's body.
(core network thing) for the abandoned baby, she should promise not to marry for life
share: welcome to comment to comment
(Further Reading) white Mary's school and the biggest growth has become an issue Meiduo mind
users' breeze sword cupl is from a single woman, she really deserves admiration for each one of us, http://www.casque-beatsbydrex.com ! > Meiduo born in 1978, Bangor, County Nagqu an ordinary Tibetan family, (...) , working with his father at age 7 Lhasa Mother thermal transfer to rural settlement. 2007 Meiduo into Lhasa Chengguan District Environmental Hygiene cleaning brigade, and became an ordinary cleaning of sanitation workers.
Pema Yangzom is Meiduo please temple monks give him the name. In Tibetan there, Today, the girl had been abandoned pain became a family, a mother love
Meiduo a four people live in two old cottage, the absence of Heating in winter are less than 10 square meters in a crowded small room, crowded house placed two The most valuable thing the house is a 17-inch TV and a small refrigerator, are Meiduo brother to buy, (...) , not a decent addition to the furniture.
tone, told reporters.
Meiduo monthly salary is only 1,300 yuan. Pema is not adopted before the family income but also a little savings. Today, the vast majority of expenses each month are spent to Pema buy milk, diapers on.
so far, white Meiduo still clearly remember the first time Mary called her Saw my mother came back, sat on the bed of the white Ma is particularly excited, excited waving hands to shake off, milk and milk sound air directed at Meiduo Hanleliangsheng Hear his mother called Mary White, was Meiduo not stop the tears streaming down, and then immediately ran over to hold tight and pro-white Mary laughed. Until now, whenever recalled that moment, the faces always filled up Meiduo happy smile.
Jen said.
reporter saw a small room allows up to four people standing at the same time, turned it accidentally run into each other. Lighting is to hold the line of light bulbs hanging down, (...) , even on the light, the room is very dark, (...) , people stood accidentally runs into light.
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the record of a post attached picture black teenage boy, in the subway Line 5 trains a young woman bowed begging to fail , the passengers get off the process of chasing women . Reporters from the picture to see the young able-bodied . Many users a message , said : passengers. Reporters saw the messages of many users , juvenile harassment are touching the thigh , pulling hair , etc.
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"I come here to practice Wuqinxi every morning and I have been doing this for 15 years," said the 60-year-old lady Gao Sujun in Bozhou city of China's Anhui province. "You can see how healthy I am."
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111. In Telecom Decision 2010-255 (the usage-based billing or UBB decision), the Commission approved applications by Bell Aliant and Bell Canada to apply economic ITMPs in this case, UBB to their residential aggregated ADSL access services. However, this approval was conditional upon the following requirements: (a) Bell Aliant and Bell Canada must charge UBB rates to 100 percent of their retail customers, and (b) if they waive their retail UBB rates, they must treat their aggregated ADSL access service customers on an equivalent basis.
[26] DOCSIS 3.0 is a version of the DOCSIS standard that allows for multiple channels to be bonded in order to provision significantly increased speeds to customers.
106. The incumbents submitted that there are no constraints on using aggregated ADSL access and TPIA services for business end-customers where facilities are available. The competitors submitted that the usefulness of TPIA service for business applications is limited because the cable carriers are unable to provide static IP addresses[39] for end-customers.
[20] Order Issuing a Direction to the CRTC on Implementing the Canadian Telecommunications Policy Objectives, P.C. 2006-1534, 14 December 2006 (the Policy Direction).
123. In this proceeding the Commission asked parties to comment on the appropriateness of requiring ILECs to offer a new CO-based ADSL access service and cable carriers to offer a new local head-end-based cable access service.
39. The cable carriers submitted, further, that Bell Canada et al.s real concern is the rates that they could charge for speed-matched aggregated ADSL access services and that, if speed matching were required, the conditional mandated non-essential wholesale service classification of aggregated ADSL access and TPIA services would provide sufficient pricing flexibility to adopt appropriate rates.
[6] Service speeds are defined in terms of the amount of data that can be sent to the end-user from the Internet in a second (typically specified in terms of megabits per second transfer rate) and the amount of data that an end-user can send to an Internet site in a second.
II. Sufficiency of competition in the absence of speed matching
[13] Local head-end-based cable access service is a proposed cable carrier service for competitors that would provide high-speed access between an end-users premises and a local cable head-end, http://www.pandoralocker.com , where traffic would be exchanged between the end-user and the competitor at an interconnection point. The service would allow a competitor to access all of its high-speed access end-customers served by a particular head-end through a single interconnection point at the head-end. The competitor would be responsible for building or arranging for transport facilities to the head-end to carry its end-customer traffic between the head-end and its own network.
134. The cable carriers submitted that Cybersurfs dedicated RF channel proposal is not feasible because they lack spare RF channel capacity and it would be difficult to accommodate competitor equipment co-location in many of their local head-ends. They submitted that the only feasible head-end-based cable access service is the current TPIA configuration, which shares the same local RF channels among all ISPs, including the cable carriers themselves.
85. The Commission notes that there are significant differences in the level of aggregation of competitor traffic provided by the ILECs aggregated ADSL access services and the cable carriers TPIA services. Further, the Commission notes that the cable carriers have acknowledged that they aggregate traffic for their own retail end-customers in a different manner than they aggregate traffic for competitors end-customers. Accordingly, the Commission considers that the wholesale obligations regarding aggregation of competitors traffic are not equitable for the ILECs and cable carriers.
[38] Multicasting is a technology used for efficient simultaneous delivery of information through a network to a group of end-users. A single copy of the information is introduced into the network from a source, and the network replicates copies to those who have requested the information. ILECs typically employ multicasting for their IPTV applications.
34. Bell Canada et al. and TCC also submitted that investment in FTTN facilities is justified only by multi-product revenues from retail Internet service, IPTV, and telephony. In their view, if a speed-matching requirement were applied to wholesale services provisioned using FTTN facilities, revenues would be reduced. This would occur because end-users would be purchasing high-speed retail Internet service from competitors that use aggregated ADSL access service to provision their retail services, and also because the ILECs would have decreased revenues from IPTV service and service bundles.[23] They further submitted that investment incentives would be reduced in all markets, regardless of size, for any broadband infrastructure subject to wholesale service requirements.
Positions of parties
Positions of parties
109. In the Commissions view, the cable carriers inability to provide static IP address allocation for TPIA service means that the incumbents obligations for the aggregated ADSL access and TPIA services are not equitable. The Commission notes, however, that there is insufficient information on the record of this proceeding to make a determination on the matter.
121. Based on the record of this proceeding, the Commission considers that there is no utility in determining what, if any, facilities could be identified as "next generation." In the Commissions view, the real issue is to establish those wholesale obligations, if any, that should apply to identified facilities. In this decision, the Commission has determined that competitors continue to require access to the wholesale services currently offered by the incumbents over their digital subscriber line and DOCSIS platforms in order to ensure that sufficient competition exists in the provision of retail Internet services. In the case of the ILECs, the facilities that are subject to wholesale obligations include FTTN and, in the case of the cable carriers, DOCSIS 3.0 facilities.
(b) Local head-end-based cable access service
My concern is that the Commission is not engaging the steps that would be consistent with allowing significant service innovation, and doing so on rather flimsy grounds that it knows better than industry participants what the difficulties might be. It has done this both in relation to CO-based ADSL access service, and with regard to local head-end-based cable access service. It has not investigated the matter in depth, in the sense of spending extra time investigating these matters. It has relied in part upon cost figures from the parts of the industry opposed to these possibilities. I think the Commission would have been better off looking into these assertions in greater depth than we did.
88. In light of the above, the Commission concludes that the cable carriers should modify their TPIA services to provide competitors with access through as few points of interconnection as possible. The Commission further concludes that the aggregation of competitor traffic to interconnection points should be, at a minimum, to the same level as the cable carriers aggregation of traffic for their own retail Internet service end-customers.
138. The Commission notes that the cable carriers submitted that a local head-end-based cable access service, similar to TPIA but offered on a mandated basis at each local head-end, is feasible. The Commission also notes that only TekSavvy forecasted specific demand for such a service, provided it allowed for interconnection in a manner similar to the existing TPIA service. The Commission further notes that the cable carriers submitted that there would be significant start-up costs and effort associated with introducing the service and that such costs would have to be recovered from the competitors that subscribe to it.
147. To ensure that competition in retail Internet service markets, notably in the residential market, remains sufficient to protect the interests of users as service speeds increase, the Commission has modified the basis upon which ILECs may charge wholesale customers for the provision of new higher speed options for aggregated ADSL access services. It has also concluded that a speed-matching requirement is necessary for the ILECs existing aggregated ADSL access services. The Commission has further concluded that changes to the cable carriers TPIA services are required. Consistent with its finding in the essential services decision, the Commission considers that the provision of these wholesale services, as modified by this decision, neither deter economically efficient competitive entry into retail Internet service markets nor promote economically inefficient entry.
These decisions seem reasonable and justifiable in the circumstances.
Consequently, the Commission considered regulatory approaches to provide incentives for continued investment in new network infrastructure and to maintain a sufficient level of competition to protect consumers. While considering the best approach, the Commission also took into account the need to ensure that wholesale service obligations for ILECs and cable carriers are equitable, and that they do not unduly impair the ILECs abilities to offer new converged services such as Internet Protocol television (IPTV).
22. The Commission considers that competition in retail service markets drives innovation and provides end-users with the greatest choice of service providers and service characteristics, including pricing, service features, and customer service quality. The Commission has recently noted that the rapidly developing array of Internet services and applications represents extraordinary advances. It has also noted that information and communications technologies support education, health care, and cultural activities; foster communities; and facilitate trade and commerce.[16]
64. Bell Canada et al. and TCC argued that provisioning IPTV and Internet access services from different service providers over the same loop using a shared modem would introduce significant operational difficulties when troubleshooting service problems and dealing with customers. They suggested, for example, that when the customer encounters a service problem, the customer might be unsure about which service is the source of the problem and which service provider to contact to resolve the problem.
C. Access to new Internet access infrastructure
[37] Gigabit Ethernet is a standard that supports transmission of Ethernet protocol frames at a rate of one gigabit per second.
133. Cybersurf proposed that a local head-end-based cable access service configuration be created and provisioned on radio frequency (RF) channels[44] dedicated to each competitor. Cybersurf submitted that the planned conversion of analog television channels to digital television channels by cable carriers, scheduled for August 2011, would allow the cable carriers to free up sufficient RF channels to provision this proposed wholesale service to competitors. Cybersurf further submitted that only a dedicated RF-channel-based service would allow competitors to offer multiple services including Internet, telephony, and IPTV to their end-customers. Competitors generally supported Cybersurfs proposal, noting that it was feasible and desirable for competition.
135. The Commission notes that some competitors acknowledged the limited availability of upstream channels on cable systems and, as a practical concession, proposed a wholesale service that would share upstream capacity among all service providers. These competitors submitted that no such downstream limitation exists and, therefore, cable carriers should be required to offer each service provider dedicated RF channels for downstream Internet traffic.
Access to new Internet access infrastructure
69. The Commission considers that customers should have the option of dividing their IPTV and Internet services between service providers.
58. Therefore, aggregated ADSL access and TPIA services will eventually be phased out, either when there is a wholesale alternative available as described in the essential services decision, or when retail Internet service competition among wireline-, wireless-, and satellite-based retail Internet service providers is sufficient to protect the interests of end-users in these retail markets, absent wholesale services.
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Proactive Disclosure
10. In various decisions issued in 2006 and 2007, the Commission required Bell Aliant Regional Communications, Limited Partnership (Bell Aliant), Bell Canada, MTS Allstream Inc. (MTS Allstream), Saskatchewan Telecommunications (SaskTel), and TELUS Communications Company (TCC); and Cogeco Cable Canada Inc. (Cogeco), Rogers Cable Communications Inc. (RCCI), Shaw Communications Inc. (Shaw), and Videotron Ltd. (Videotron) to make their aggregated ADSL access and TPIA services available to competitors at speeds that match the speeds they offer to their retail Internet service customers (the speed-matching requirement).[11]
101. Bell Canada et al. submitted that a restriction on multicasting should be included in the relevant tariffs. They argued that making multicasting functionality available to competitors would allow competitors to offer an IPTV service, which would undermine demand for Bell Canada et al.s service bundles.
124. The ILECs submitted that it would be technically feasible to implement a CO-based ADSL access service. However, Bell Canada et al. submitted that such a service would have far more negative implications for investment in network facilities in Canada than would a determination to favour resale-based competition through a speed-matching requirement.
110. In light of the above, the Commission concludes that the cable carriers should show cause why they cannot provide static IP address allocation for their TPIA services.
8. The wholesale services under consideration in this decision are, (...) , in the case of the ILECs, aggregated ADSL access service and, in the case of the cable carriers, third-party Internet access (TPIA) service. Both services provide two network elements to a competitor: (a) access facilities between an end-users premises and the carriers network, and (b) transport facilities between the carriers network and an interconnection point that links the carriers and the competitors facilities.[9]
55. The Commission concludes that, without a speed-matching requirement for wireline aggregated ADSL access and TPIA services, it is likely that competition in retail Internet service markets would be unduly impaired. In the Commissions view, an ILEC and cable carrier duopoly would likely occur in the retail residential Internet service market, and competition might be reduced substantially in small-to-medium-sized retail business Internet service markets. The Commission considers that, in such circumstances, retail Internet service competition would not continue to be sufficient to protect consumers interests.
73. The Commission considers that the decision about whether to obtain Internet and IPTV services from one or two service providers is ultimately the customers choice. The Commission also considers that the ILECs ability to provide converged services cannot be construed as subject to undue impairment because the ILEC would not have to bear the cost of provisioning a second loop to provide its services.
ii. at central offices that are used by competitive local exchange carriers for exchange of voice traffic with ILECs. These central offices serve end-users that are within a local interconnection region, a region that typically includes multiple central offices.
Networks are not of the same order of thing as a metal-stamping business. They are affected with the public interest, which is merely to say that the reasons why they are subject to a measure of regulation under the Telecommunications Act are valid.
Positions of parties
A. Reconsideration of the speed-matching requirement for aggregated ADSL access services
25. The essential services framework also restructured the previous regulatory framework for wholesale services by establishing six categories of wholesale services. Each existing wholesale service was assigned to one of the six service categories,[18] with the ILECs aggregated ADSL access services and the cable carriers TPIA services being assigned to the conditional mandated non-essential[19] wholesale service category. Rates for these services are determined on the basis of service costs to the ILEC or cable carrier plus a markup on these costs.
[17] In the context of this definition, the term "firm" includes a group of firms exercising joint dominance.
149. In applying the essential services framework on a forward-looking basis in this decision, the Commission has adopted a cohesive, forward-looking regulatory approach that provides appropriate incentives for continued investment in broadband infrastructure, promotes retail service competition, ensures equity for the incumbents respective wholesale obligations, and does not unduly impair the ILECs abilities to offer new converged services.
[11] For the major ILECs, see Telecom Orders 2007-21 to 2007-25. For the cable carriers, see Telecom Decision 2006-77. Bragg is not subject to the Commissions speed-matching requirement at this time.
(c) the respective wholesale obligations imposed on incumbent telephone and cable companies are equitable or represent a competitive disadvantage; and
More specifically, the Commission concludes that ILECs are to provide their existing wholesale high-speed access services to competitors at speeds that match all speed options the ILECs offer to their own retail Internet service customers. However, the Commission recognizes that significant up-front investment is required to construct the facilities ILECs use to provision new higher speed wholesale service options. Therefore, rates for these new higher speed wholesale service options will include, in addition to the markup on costs that would otherwise be used, a supplementary markup of 10 percent.
120. Competitors generally shared the view that there is no true next generation infrastructure and that the deployments being made by incumbents are simply an evolution of their existing networks. In their view, it is essential to continue to mandate access in order to maintain competition in all markets. The consumer groups submitted that the existence of a wholesale access regime encourages innovation in the marketplace, which will allow Canada to compete globally.
112. During this proceeding the Commission requested comments on whether these two requirements should also apply to cable carriers economic ITMPs for TPIA service. Subsequently, Bell Aliant and Bell Canada applied to the Commission to review and vary these requirements of the UBB decision.
[18] The six wholesale service categories established in the essential services decision are: essential, conditional essential, conditional mandated non-essential, public good, interconnection, and non-essential subject to phase-out.
The reasons why this ambivalence exists will be considered below.
23. The Commission has indicated its intention to apply its essential services framework for wholesale services in this proceeding on a forward-looking basis to provide appropriate incentives for continued investment in broadband infrastructure, encourage competition and innovation, and expand consumer choice.
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(iii) It is not practical or feasible for competitors to duplicate the functionality of the facility.
136. The Commission considers that for competitors to be able to offer their retail customers higher download speeds, cable carriers would have to provision each service provider with the same number of downstream RF channels as those cable carriers use for their own retail high-speed Internet services.
60. Bell Canada et al. submitted that a speed-matching requirement for ILECs and cable carriers would distort competition between the two, to the cable carriers advantage. Bell Canada et al. also submitted that a speed-matching requirement would have a greater effect on the ILECs than on the cable carriers simply because competitors generally do not use the cable carriers facilities to provide their own retail Internet services.
The large carriers have to be encouraged to invest and innovate, certainly, and the Commission does everything it thinks necessary to allow that to happen. Yet the question remains whether two large players in each market constitute the right mix of factors to encourage innovation in services. To this question the Commission has answered "no" on several occasions, including this one. Why then do I dissent in part from the decision?
File numbers: 8663-C12-200907321, 8661-C122-200904286, and 8638-C12-200905010
Ottawa, 30 August 2010
Positions of parties
(d) Conditions for economic ITMPs for aggregated ADSL access and TPIA services
The Commission expects that at a future date, competition among wireline-, wireless-, and satellite-based retail Internet service providers will be sufficient to protect consumers interests. At that time, the Commission will apply its essential services framework to the ILECs aggregated ADSL access services and the cable carriers TPIA services to determine whether they should no longer be mandated.
118. The cable carriers requested that any determinations regarding the ILECs next generation infrastructure be symmetrical regarding requirements placed on their own infrastructure. Specifically, they submitted that if access to the ILECs next generation infrastructure is not mandated, then access to the DOCSIS 3.0 networks should not be mandated.
There is a second form of competition, which comes from innovation. It will be recalled that ISPs first came to public attention when they offered a way for people to get onto the Internet. The development of the Internet protocol (IP) suite has constituted a radical innovation in signal transmission systems. It came from developers outside the carrier industry. In turn, the IP suite has transformed the capacities of cable and telephone systems and made them rival to one another, since IP ended the single-purpose nature of transmission systems. In this model, applications still pay for infrastructure, but the owners of the applications have a right to get onto the infrastructure without anyones permission. This phenomenon is referred to as innovation without permission.
89. Competitors generally agreed that the currently available TPIA service interfaces through which they can physically connect their networks to the cable carriers networks are inferior to the interfaces that the ILECs offer for aggregated ADSL access services. They generally submitted that the cable carriers should offer a range of interconnection options comparable to those offered by the ILECs.
C. Access to new Internet access infrastructure
Commissions analysis and determinations
41. With respect to TCCs position that the Commission should not require the ILECs to offer additional wholesale Internet access services or service requirements after the date of the essential services decision, the Commission notes that the decision itself contains no such limitation and, for the reasons set out below, considers that any such limitation would not be appropriate.
[19] Services in the conditional mandated non-essential category are those that do not meet the criteria for essential services but continue to be mandated for certain reasons. Changes in market conditions at a point in the future could result in it no longer being necessary to mandate any or all of these services. The existing classification of these services will continue until it is demonstrated in an application that the reasons for mandating these services are no longer present.
[24] An investment project is deemed to be economically viable if the return on investment exceeds a required minimum return, or hurdle rate. Bell Canada submitted its hurdle rate in confidence.
Positions of parties
130. The Commission notes, however, that Primus and TekSavvy expressed varying degrees of interest in the CO-based ADSL access service. TekSavvy demonstrated interest in being able to select from various ADSL access services.[43] The Commission also notes that both Primus and TekSavvy cited the imposition of the speed-matching requirement on aggregated ADSL access service as an immediate priority to address the substantial lessening or prevention of competition in the high-speed Internet service market.
Wholesale high-speed access services proceeding
Route reference: Telecom Notice of Consultation 2009-261, as amended
Consider for a moment musical downloading. It started as a practice among technically aware youth and has spread to become socially normal. The means whereby it is accomplished were at first experimental, and then became more routine as the software was improved. Users developed the idea, and then business followed.
[14] The Commission had initiated a proceeding in Telecom Regulatory Policy 2009-34 to examine the feasibility, configuration, and classification of a CO-based ADSL access service. The Commission subsequently received an application by Cybersurf requesting that cable carriers be required to provide the service referred to in this decision as a local head-end-based cable access service. The CO-based ADSL access proceeding and the local head-end-based cable access proceeding were combined into a single proceeding in Telecom Notice of Consultation 2009-261, to which this decision responds.
[33] In this context, the modem is a device on customer premises that terminates the copper loop and separates the IPTV service signal from the Internet access service signal, allowing the customer to connect the appropriate signal to a television or computer.
37. SaskTel submitted that it already provides aggregated ADSL access service to wholesale customers at the highest speeds available to its retail Internet service customers and that there would be no effect on the companys planned capital expenditures if the Commission were to mandate speed matching for wholesale aggregated ADSL access services. MTS Allstream submitted that its decisions about investment in new types of Internet access infrastructure are driven by competitive necessity.
[8] See, for example, Telecom Decisions 98-9 and 99-8, and Telecom Orders 2005-62 and 2006-17.
The Commissions determinations in this decision are the result of a comprehensive public proceeding launched on 8 May 2009. It was initiated to consider whether incumbent local exchange carriers (ILECs) and cable carriers should be required to offer certain high-speed access facilities as new wholesale services to competitors, for use when competitors provide their Internet services to consumers.
115. The Commission directed parties to provide their views[40] regarding the definition of new types of Internet access infrastructure and the principles that should govern mandating wholesale access services on such infrastructure.
D. CO-based ADSL access service from the ILECs and local head-end-based cable access service from the cable carriers
4. When doing so, the Commission established regulatory frameworks that were designed to create an environment for sustainable competition. The Commission required, as part of its approach to fostering competition in various retail telecommunications markets, that the former monopoly telephone companies now referred to as "incumbent local exchange carriers," or ILECs make certain telecommunications facilities available as regulated services for competitors to use as "inputs" in the provision of their own retail services.[3] Today, these required services are called wholesale services.
56. The Commission notes, however, that it expects that as technologies and retail Internet service markets evolve, retail Internet services provisioned using wireless and satellite facilities are likely to become substitutes for those provisioned using wireline facilities.
[32] A loop consists of a twisted copper pair that terminates at the customers premises. Its original purpose was to carry voice traffic, but ILECs are now able to carry broadband services, including high-speed Internet access and IPTV, over a single copper loop.
The Commission considers that the current rates for the cable carriers wholesale high-speed access services appropriately recognize investments made to upgrade their networks.
141. The Commission directs the major ILECs to file, within 90 days of the date of this decision, proposed tariffs with supporting Phase II cost studies that reflect the Commissions determinations in this decision regarding speed matching for aggregated ADSL access services.
54. The Commission notes the significant extent to which competitors use existing wireline wholesale services to provision their retail Internet services. The Commission also notes that the incumbents are offering increasingly higher retail Internet service speeds to consumers. In the Commissions view, http://www.pandoralocker.com , if speed matching were not required for both the ILECs aggregated ADSL access services and the cable carriers TPIA services, competitors would be effectively prevented from offering higher service speed options to their own customers.
48. All incumbents except MTS Allstream argued that additional wholesale obligations are neither necessary nor appropriate because competition in the retail Internet services market from facilities-based service providers is sufficient to protect the interests of end-users in most geographic areas. They submitted that end-users can choose between services offered both by the incumbents and their competitors. These parties also submitted that retail Internet services provisioned using wireless and satellite facilities are available to end-users on a scale sufficient to protect their interests. The incumbents also generally submitted that the competitive offerings of their counterparts promote vigorous competition in the retail high-speed Internet market.
27. The Policy Direction requires the Commission to implement the Canadian policy objectives in section 7 of the Act in accordance with specific terms and criteria. These include relying on market forces to the maximum extent feasible and ensuring that any technical regulatory measures are implemented in a technologically and competitively neutral manner to the greatest extent possible.
116. The Commission notes that some parties, notably Bell Canada et al., characterized their broadband facilities as "next generation networks." ILECs referred to various technologies as representing their next generation infrastructure, including VDSL, FTTN, and fibre-to-the-premises (FTTP) or fibre-to-the-home (FTTH) facilities.[41] Cable carriers most frequently referred to their deployments of DOCSIS 3.0 as constituting their next generation infrastructure. Parties, however, did not arrive at a consensus on the definition of next generation networks or infrastructure.
(a) Level of aggregation
The Commission has also assessed whether the relevant wholesale access service obligations for ILECs and cable carriers are equitable. Regarding the equity of the speed-matching requirement between ILECs and cable carriers, the Commission notes that cable carriers are also subject to a speed-matching requirement for their existing wholesale high-speed access services that allow competitors to provide retail Internet services.
29. The term "speed matching" refers to a regulatory requirement that ILECs and cable carriers provide wholesale services that enable competitors to offer Internet services to their retail customers at speeds that match the Internet speeds provided by those incumbents to their own retail customers. In previous decisions and orders, the Commission determined that speed matching applies to both cable carriers TPIA services and to ILECs aggregated ADSL services.[21] The Order in Council directed the Commission to reconsider the speed-matching decisions.
86. The Commission notes that TPIA service was classified as a conditional mandated non-essential service in the essential services decision, with transport included as a component of the service. The Commission also notes that different cable carriers include different levels of transport to support aggregation of competitor traffic within their TPIA service offerings. Accordingly, the Commission considers that including additional transport services within TPIA service is not contrary to the essential services framework.
[29] The Commission forbore from regulating retail Internet services pursuant to section 34 of the Act, while retaining its powers under section 24 (in part) and subsection 27(2), among other sections.
The first people to satisfy consumer demand for access to the Internet were small ISPs, who saw a demand and found a technical way to satisfy it. Carriers caught up to them a few years later, and have been squeezing them out of business ever since the beginning of the 21st century.
What is deplorable, in my view, is the disinclination to consider that specialist outfits like small ISPs should be allowed the opportunity for service innovation because the Commission:
78. Accordingly, the Commission concludes that the major ILECs are to provide, upon demand from a competitor, their wholesale aggregated ADSL access services at speeds that match all of their retail Internet service speed options, including those speeds those ILECs offer their retail customers over their FTTN facilities.
Commissions analysis and determinations
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91. The competitors submitted that to ensure that competition is not diminished, the incumbents should be required to offer the latest generally available open interconnection standards being used in the industry, such as 10GigE, consistent with their own network architectures, as those standards evolve and are incorporated into their networks.
Commissions analysis and determinations
Approved speed matching, so that independent ISPs can match the speeds of the incumbents retail Internet access offerings; Allowed incumbent telephone carriers a higher cost of capital for new wholesale Internet access services, which will be reflected in higher prices allowed for these services; Agreed that a duopoly of telephone and cable retail Internet access services is insufficient, and that wireless and satellite services are not yet attractive enough as large scale substitutes for wireline access in situations where wireline is available; Found that the smaller competitors bring pricing discipline, innovation and consumer choice to the retail Internet service markets; Determined that these wholesale services will eventually be eliminated when functionally equivalent, practical and feasible wholesale alternatives exist for the current wholesale access services; or when competition from all sources is sufficient to protect the interests of end-users, in retail Internet service markets, absent wholesale services. Taken steps to make the cable wholesale offering, Third Party Internet Access (TPIA) more useful and attractive, in a number of ways for those who lease it. Declined to engage in word games as to what next-generation services might consist of, or to engage in policy determinations in regard to access to them, but rather to decide on a case-by-case basis whether access to them will be justified.
[25] Tariffed wholesale service rates are typically based on the incumbent carriers service costs plus a markup. The incumbent carrier typically files a cost study in support of wholesale service rates it proposes. In that cost study, which includes a cost of capital, the carrier uses incremental economic costs to estimate service costs. These costs are referred to as "Phase II costs" (for historical reasons) and, for ILECs, are assessed using methodologies set out in Phase II costing manuals that the Commission has approved. After costs are assessed, a markup (expressed in percentage terms) is then added to costs to establish the rate for the service.
51. The Commission notes the incumbents submissions that retail Internet services provisioned using wireless and satellite facilities are substitutes for retail Internet services provisioned using wireline facilities. The Commission also notes that wireless- and satellite-based retail Internet services have extensive coverage areas.
A. Reconsideration of the speed-matching requirement for aggregated ADSL access services
When people speak of competition in telecommunications, the distinction between open and closed end-points, and the consequences which flow from those technical possibilities, is not usually well understood.
40. Competitors and the Public Interest Advocacy Centre on behalf of the Consumers Association of Canada and Canada Without Poverty (the consumer groups) generally submitted that requiring speed matching or mandating access to new types of Internet access infrastructure would not diminish ILEC incentives to invest in new network infrastructure, in general or in markets of different sizes, particularly if ILECs are to remain competitive with cable carriers. TekSavvy Solutions Inc. (TekSavvy) submitted that despite regulatory uncertainty, Bell Canada et al. are accelerating the rollout of their FTTN facilities.
IV. The effect of the speed-matching requirement on the ILECs abilities to offer new converged services, such as IPTV
Public policy considerations
Reconsideration of the speed-matching requirement
This is a good decision, which does not go far enough. It keeps independent ISPs (Internet service providers) somewhat competitive, in the interests of the Canadian consumers and businesses. Yet it does not overcome the ambivalence that lies at the heart of the Commissions decision-making in regard to the independent ISP sector. It neither eliminates them nor allows them the scope to compete effectively. It maintains them in a kind of regulatory limbo.
131. In this decision the Commission has concluded that the ILECs are to offer their aggregated ADSL access services at all speeds that they offer their own retail Internet service customers. Further, as noted above, only two competitors have expressed interest in the CO-based ADSL access service and other competitors have expressed uncertainty regarding its benefits.
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[27] A review of proposed speed-matching tariffed rates based on a cost of capital that is higher than that traditionally used for Phase II costing purposes would involve a review of each ILECs capital structure (the mix of debt, and common and preferred equity issued by the company to finance its business). It would also involve a review of the companys cost of debt, and its cost of common and preferred equity. The Commission considers that Bell Canada et al.s alternative proposal to apply a one-time charge for each end-user served by a competitor using their aggregated ADSL access service would raise additional considerations to be addressed. For example, the charge could be paid more than once if an end-user changes service (...) In light of the above, and given the modifications to the TPIA service required by this decision, the Commission considers that there would not be a substantial lessening or prevention of competition without a CO-based ADSL access service. The Commission therefore concludes that the ILECs are not required to provision a CO-based ADSL access service.
7(c) to enhance the efficiency and competitiveness, at the national and international levels, of Canadian telecommunications;
B. Equity of existing wholesale access service obligations for the ILECs and the cable carriers
(b) in the absence of the speed-matching requirements there would be sufficient competition to protect the interests of users;
94. The Commission notes that implementation may require cable carriers to upgrade their network equipment to support higher speed interconnection. The Commission also notes that cable carriers may recover the cost for upgrading this equipment through updated TPIA tariffs.
67. The competitors submitted that the technical impediments to provisioning IPTV services from different parties over a single loop using a shared modem could be resolved. Further, in their view, sufficient volumes of spare loops are available in ILEC networks, such that the competitors could provide retail Internet services without impairing the ILECs ability to provide converged services such as IPTV.
75. In light of the Commissions careful consideration of each of the issues raised in the Order in Council, and based on the record of this proceeding, the Commission determines that the major ILECs are to provide speed matching for their aggregated ADSL access services,[34] subject to the qualification that in consideration of their very large investment in FTTN facilities, an increased markup is to be used to establish rates for new higher speed service options. The Commission concludes that an additional markup of 10 percent on Phase II costs for higher speed aggregated ADSL access service options recognizes this investment.
Commissions analysis and determinations
77. The Commission also concludes that a speed-matching requirement would not unduly impair the ILECs abilities to offer new converged services such as IPTV.
[10] By extending fibre facilities further into the access network, the ILECs are able to shorten the copper loop segment that terminates at a customers premises and, by doing so, increase the maximum service speed that can be provided on the loop using digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies the shorter the loop, the higher the maximum potential service speed.
114. Accordingly, the Commission will address this matter after disposing of Bell Aliants and Bell Canadas applications to review and vary the UBB decision.
[5] DOCSIS is an acronym for Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification, which is a telecommunications standard that defines interface requirements involved in high-speed data delivery over cable carriers hybrid fibre-coaxial facilities.
62. Bell Canada et al. and TCC submitted that a speed-matching requirement applied to FTTN facilities would unduly impair the ILECs abilities to offer new converged services, such as IPTV.[31]
The ILECs and cable carriers are upgrading their networks and extending their fibre facilities closer to homes and businesses to provide higher retail Internet service speeds and converged services such as IPTV.
[7] See, for example, Telecom Decision 98-9 and Telecom Order 99-592. Subsection 34(2) of the Telecommunications Act provides that where the Commission finds that a service is or will be subject to competition sufficient to protect the interests of users, it shall refrain to the extent it considers it appropriate and either conditionally or unconditionally from the performance of specific duties set out in that Act.
Given the adjustment to the ILECs wholesale service rates for new higher speed service options, the Commission considers that a speed-matching requirement would not result in an undue disincentive for ILECs to continue to invest in fibre-to-the-node facilities. It also considers that, in light of its determinations in this decision, such a requirement would not unduly impair the ILECs abilities to offer new converged services such as IPTV.
46. In light of the above, in its reconsideration of a speed-matching decisions, the Commission concludes that with approved rates that reflect an additional markup of 10 percent on Phase II costs, a speed-matching requirement for the ILECs new higher speed aggregated ADSL access service options would not result in an undue disincentive for ILECs to continue to invest in FTTN facilities. The Commission notes that this additional 10 percent markup on service costs is over and above the markup that would be applied to the ILECs new higher speed aggregated ADSL access service options. The Commission further notes that if it concluded that speed matching should be required and rates were established on the basis set out above, the effective cost of capital used to establish both the ILECs speed-matching rates and the cable carriers TPIA service rates would be comparable.
11. In 2007, following an application by Bell Aliant, Bell Canada, SaskTel, and TCC, the Commission rescinded the speed-matching requirement as it applied to those ILECs, given the uncertainty regarding the regulatory framework for wholesale services arising from a proceeding, then underway, to review the regulation of wholesale services. In March 2008, that proceeding resulted in Telecom Decision 2008-17 (the essential services decision), which set out the regulatory framework for wholesale services (the essential services framework) as described below.
The Commissions speed-matching decisions
To be essential, a facility, function, or service must satisfy all of the following conditions:
The essential services framework
128. The Commission notes that competitors requested that the proposed regionally aggregated ADSL access service be priced as an essential service. The Commission considers that given the similarities between the proposed regionally aggregated ADSL access service and the ILECs existing aggregated ADSL access services, the rate for such a revised service, if mandated, would be based on pricing principles that have been applied to determine rates for the existing aggregated ADSL access services. The Commission is not persuaded that, with rates based on such pricing principles, and the need for additional transport, competitors would find the proposed regionally aggregated ADSL access service attractive. Accordingly, the Commission does not consider that it would be appropriate to mandate ILECs to provide a regionally aggregated ADSL access service.
In short, CO-based ADSL is a technical arrangement permitting significant service innovation, by allowing specialist carriers to differentiate significantly their service offerings from the underlying carrier.
108. Based on the record of this proceeding, the Commission also notes that some cable carriers offer retail business services that provide static IP addresses to end-customers. The Commission considers that this strongly suggests that it is possible for cable carriers to provide this capability with their TPIA services.
I. The effect of the speed-matching requirement on incentives to invest in new network infrastructure
Commissions analysis and determinations
[1] Order Issuing a Direction to the CRTC on Implementing the Canadian Telecommunications Policy Objectives, P.C. 2006-1534, 14 December 2006 (the Policy Direction).
Positions of parties
iii. Business use
(b) Interconnection types and speeds
Positions of parties
71. The Commission notes that if a customer chooses to receive Internet service from a competitor where a second loop is not available, that customer would be precluded from receiving IPTV and other services provided by the ILEC, whether on a stand-alone or bundled basis. As well, if a customer chooses to receive IPTV from the ILEC where a second loop is not available, it would be precluded from receiving Internet service from a competitor that relied on the ILECs loop to provide the service.
Telecom Regulatory Policy CRTC 2010-632
3. During the 1990s, in a series of decisions, the Commission opened various regulated telecommunications markets to competition, including the public long distance voice market in 1992 and the local residential voice market in 1997.[2]
143. The Commissions determinations in this decision are based on the requirements of the Act, the Order in Council, and the Governor in Councils Policy Direction.
145. Consistent with paragraph 1(a) of the Policy Direction, in all cases where the Commission has imposed regulatory requirements on the incumbents, it has done so because market forces cannot be relied upon to achieve the telecommunications policy objectives set out in section 7 of the Act, and it has adopted measures that are efficient and proportionate to their purpose.
7(f) to foster increased reliance on market forces for the provision of telecommunications services and to ensure that regulation, where required, is efficient and effective; and
Commissions analysis and determinations
Date Modified: 2010-08-30
Top of Page Important Notices
At this stage it is appropriate to discuss the opinion-environment in which we operate. The opinion-environment pervades decision-making because it means that whatever differs from the current opinion environment will need more justification. More justification is both riskier and requires harder work. The large carriers have the inclination and ability to convey their messages to the public and the political class relentlessly and effectively. That message can be reduced to the simple proposition that they should at all times be allowed to maximize profits because only then can they make the investments they need to keep Canada internationally competitive. No matter what the profit margins are on leased equipment, wholesale services are always deemed to undermine profit maximization. It is a message constantly heard by the Commission and we have repeatedly found it to be without merit.
36. While maintaining their view that a speed-matching requirement would not be appropriate, at the request of the Commission Bell Canada et al. identified and described measures to recognize the very large investment associated with FTTN facility construction, for which they argued they should be compensated. One measure they proposed was to use a higher cost of capital than would otherwise be used when establishing tariffed aggregated ADSL access service rates based on Phase II costs.[25] Another measure they proposed was to apply a one-time charge for each end-user served by a competitor.
The Commission has not seen fit to agree with the large carriers (cable and telephone) that the time has come to put an end to the leasing of parts of the networks owned by the large carriers, despite eloquent pleas by them to do so. It has, by the same decision, not approved the means necessary for smaller ISPs to compete effectively, which is to say, to allow them to lease and build facilities that would allow them to avoid the bit rate caps, the traffic management and other measures, which would allow the smaller ISPs to fulfill a more creative role.
Implementation steps
Commissions analysis and determinations
129. The Commission notes that MTS Allstream, Distributel, and Execulink submitted that they saw no attraction in a CO-based service that would require co-location at the ILEC central office because they would be required to invest in co-location at, and transport components to, each ILEC central office at significant cost to use such a service.
i. at the central offices where the ILEC separates its own retail Internet traffic from its wholesale customers Internet traffic; and
(d) the impact of these wholesale requirements unduly impairs the ability of incumbent telephone companies to offer new converged services, such as Internet Protocol television (IPTV).
Positions of parties
Likewise, I maintain, with telecommunications. In the race to satisfy special customer requirements there exists the possibility that the specialist software engineers of the smaller firms will beat the incumbents to a technical and business solution. To this extent it is socially useful for them to be able to re-assemble and re-purpose parts of the transmission systems, so long as network harm does not ensue. There may be other conditions which should be satisfied, (...) , too, but in general the inclination should be to favour the possibility of innovation.
59. All parties generally expressed support for the principle of symmetry for the ILECs and cable carriers regulatory obligations. Bell Canada et al. submitted that considerations of equity and symmetry would be better served if cable carriers were relieved from any speed-matching requirements for retail Internet services that require the DOCSIS 3.0 platform, and if speed matching were not required on ILEC FTTN facilities. The cable carriers submitted that if the Commission determines that the speed-matching requirement does not apply to the ILECs wholesale aggregated ADSL access services, such a requirement should not apply to the cable carriers TPIA services.
However, the Commission concludes that changes to the cable carriers wholesale high-speed access services are required to make the ILECs and cable carriers obligations more equitable. These changes include providing increased levels of service aggregation for competitors.
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a) substitutes its opinion for what certain players in the market might decide to do; and
(c) Restrictions on use
28. The Commission has identified the following issues to be addressed in its determinations:
Where I depart from my friends on the panel is in relation to a technical arrangement called CO-based ADSL access service.[46] The advantage of such an arrangement, if it were brought into being, would be to allow an independent ISP to get behind the traffic management measures imposed by the incumbent carrier. The effect of doing so would be to allow substantial service innovations, so that the lessee of the wholesale service could rearrange the technical characteristics of the signal without harming the underlying network, and which would allow it to offer quality of service guarantees, different bit rates, capacities and prices. In short, innovation could proceed in ways not envisaged by the underlying carrier. The creation of such a service would also have provided the opportunity for some smaller carriers to move up the "investment ladder" to greater measures of facilities-based competition, which is approved of by policy-makers, but made impossible in practice by many forces.
Networks are private property and derogations from the full rights of ownership are deeply suspect. In this view, those who lease equipment and services, regardless of the profit margins allowed by regulation, ought in principle not to exist, or if allowed to exist, they should have no rights to lease services at tariffed rates, but should have to negotiate the price.
15. On 11 March 2009, Bell Aliant, Bell Canada, and TCC petitioned the Governor in Council to reverse the Commissions speed-matching decisions.
35. Bell Canada submitted internal investment studies based on its current plans to deploy FTTN in three cities. These studies included investments in FTTN facilities, and 10-year revenue and cost projections associated with various retail services and wholesale aggregated ADSL access services. These investment studies indicate that the rate of return required to justify the planned FTTN investment (hurdle rate)[24] would not be achieved with a speed-matching requirement for aggregated ADSL access service and, therefore, the FTTN investments would not be economically viable.
49. The competitors, MTS Allstream, and the consumer groups submitted that the retail Internet service market is effectively an ILEC and cable carrier duopoly. In their view, retail wireless- and satellite-based Internet services do not offer end-users competitive prices or an experience comparable to Internet services provisioned using wireline facilities. These parties also generally submitted that without appropriate speed matching for wholesale services, competitive service providers would find it increasingly difficult to compete with the incumbents Internet services as end-users demand for higher service speeds continues to increase.
ii. Multicasting
150. The opinion of Commissioner Denton, dissenting in part, is attached.
57. In the essential services decision, the Commission assigned both aggregated ADSL access and TPIA services to the conditional mandated non-essential wholesale service category to ensure continued competition in retail Internet service markets. In that decision, the Commission found that this classification would continue until it is demonstrated that a functionally equivalent, practical, and feasible wholesale alternative exists for these services.
17. The Order in Council directed that the Commission specifically consider whether
119. The majority of the incumbents submitted that there would be no risk of lessening competition in the absence of mandated wholesale access on their respective next generation infrastructures. In contrast, MTS Allstream submitted that a strong wholesale access regime is needed, (...) , particularly so that ILECs can provide services to customers in the operating territories of other ILECs.
63. Bell Canada et al. and TCC submitted that they provide IPTV and Internet access service over a single loop[32] and that their current modems[33] cannot technically or practically be shared to support the provision of retail Internet services from one service provider and IPTV services from another service provider. They also submitted that while it might be technically possible to deploy modems that could be shared between different service providers, the service configuration would become very complex and the services provided would become less reliable.
80. The ILECs aggregated ADSL access services enable a competitor to connect its own network to an ILECs network at a single interconnection point, allowing it to provide high-speed access to any end-customer within an ILECs operating territory. The competitor exchanges traffic with its end-customers through the interconnection point. In contrast, the cable carriers TPIA services require a competitor to interconnect at multiple points of interconnection (POIs) to provide high-speed access to end-customers throughout the cable carriers serving territory. The number of POIs varies by cable carrier TPIA service.[36] Aggregated ADSL access service provides a higher level of aggregation of competitor end-customer traffic than that provided by TPIA service.
72. However, if the customer chooses to receive Internet service from a competitor and IPTV service from the ILEC, and the ILEC provisions a second loop, the Commission considers that it is reasonable that the ILEC should be compensated for the costs associated with this second loop. The Commission considers that the competitor should be required to pay the tariffed rate for the dry loop required to support that service, in addition to the rate that applies to the aggregated ADSL access service. On this basis, the Commission considers that an ILECs ability to provide IPTV service would be preserved in the rare event that a customer decides to choose two service providers.
(d) Conditions for economic Internet traffic management practices (ITMPs) for aggregated ADSL access and TPIA services
113. Because it is currently reviewing these two requirements, the Commission considers that it would be premature to make determinations in this decision regarding their application to the cable carriers economic ITMPs for TPIA service.
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Commissions analysis and determinations
7. When the Commission made these decisions, competitive retail Internet service providers were able to provide their services on a dial-up basis, using the customers retail telephone service. Therefore, they did not need to use the incumbents facilities on a wholesale service basis. As the retail Internet service market began to evolve to higher speed retail Internet services, to ensure these services remained subject to competition sufficient to protect consumers interests, the Commission required that the ILECs and cable carriers make some of their high-speed access facilities available as wholesale services for competitors to use as inputs in the provision of retail Internet services.[8]
[41] FTTP facilities, also known as FTTH facilities, bring optical fibre directly to a customers premises or home, where electronics are installed to convert optical signals to electrical signals. The use of FTTP or FTTH generally results in a change in how service providers deliver Internet services to the customer.
[39] A static IP address is a number that is assigned to a device, such as a computer, to be its permanent address on the Internet. An ISP assigns the address when it provides an Internet access service to an (...)
Introduction
[4] In this decision, the term "major ILECs" refers to Bell Aliant Regional Communications, Limited Partnership, Bell Canada, MTS Allstream Inc., Saskatchewan Telecommunications, and TELUS Communications Company. The term "ILECs" generally refers to these companies, as well as Télébec, Limited Partnership (Télébec). In this decision, the term "cable carriers" refers to Bragg Communications Inc., carrying on business as EastLink (Bragg), Cogeco Cable Canada Inc., Rogers Cable Communications Inc., Shaw Communications Inc., and Videotron Ltd.
105. In light of the above, the Commission concludes that the incumbents should not be required to provide multicasting functionality for their aggregated ADSL access services and TPIA services.
9. Over the past few years, the incumbents retail Internet service speeds have become faster as consumers expect higher speed access to an ever-expanding range of Internet services. Incumbents have been able to provide higher speeds by constructing more fibre facilities in their access networks to bring these facilities closer to their customers premises.[10]
19. After receiving the Or
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